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For each of the following, identify the I.V. and D.V., how the variables are ope

ID: 3183281 • Letter: F

Question

For each of the following, identify the I.V. and D.V., how the variables are operationalized, and indicate if the I.V. a subject variable or a manipulated variable. Additionally, tell me about the conclusions, are they valid? Why or why not? B. As a part of a research methods class, a college junior stands on a second-floor overlook watching as other students enter a building alone and in groups. He believes that sunshine makes people happy so he is counting the number of smiles he sees and relating that to whether the sun is shining or not. He only has time to watch students entering the building on MWF at 10:50 – 11:30. He sees, on average, that 20 people are smiling on sunny days and 15 are smiling on cloudy days. He concludes that sunshine causes people to be happier.

Explanation / Answer

The dependent variable is whether a student smiles or not on a given day while the independent variable is the indicator variable whether it is a sunny day or a cloudy day. The IV is a subject variable as it can't be controlled.

The conclusion is not valid as the observations are not independent of each other.