plant genotypes that encode sive compounds that have As we have just seer strong
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plant genotypes that encode sive compounds that have As we have just seer strong selection pre which can lead to in organisms. Those i selection pressure ganisms must eat, cies could provide ANALYZING DATA 13.1 Do different herbivore species select for different plant genotypes? this experiment? In each of these populations,sh the initial frequency of each plant genotype? s a graduate student, Tobias Züst (Züst et al. 2012) 1. In total, how many plant populations were estobl examined how herbivory by aphids affected evolution cies able to ov in plant populations Six replicate populations of the annua plant Arabidopsis thaliana were established for each of shrge in the ability of p defenses of their f the history of life specific example 2. Did evolution occur in ve cused evolution by in os wha may have caused brassicae treatment with tho pounds (see Figure 13.11A). to what extent do the plant experimental treatments: a control (no aphids) by he aphid Brevicoyme brassicoe, and herbivory by the aphid selection in these populations? Explain your answers. ipaphis erysimi, Each replicate population was initiated from 3 Did evolution occur in the populations exposed to aphid 2 natural genotypes, and plants were grown at high densi- ties (over 8,000 plants/m2] in each of the three treatments. Prey-capture a mimicry, and mechanism use has a counterva herbivores? If so, what factor or factors At the start of the experiment, each replicate population contained equal proportions of the 27 plant genotypes (see Figure 13.11A). The experiment was erations. At the end of the experiment, the frequencies of all surviving genotypes were determined your answers for five gen- 4. Compare results for the B. for the L. erysimi treatment, focusing on whether selection favored genotypes that code for 3C or 4C defensive average plant genotype frequencies at the end of the selection experiment; in ypes shown here, genotypes 12, 14, and 21 occurred at low treatmnts? addition to the geno genotypes favored by selection differ behween these lwo ies (less than 1.5%) in one or two treatments. Other genotypes not shown in the table did not survive. Zust, T, C. Heichinger, U. Grossniklaus, R. Harrington, D. J. Kliebenstein and L. A. Turnbull. 2012. Natural enemies drive geographical variation in plant defenses. Science 338: 116-119 Frequency (%) of surviving plant genotypes 8. brassce 28 3.5 0 07 07 07 0 5.6 0 97 Treatment 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 15 16 22 25 27 0.7 4.9 0 2.8 0 42.3 2.8 8.5 6.3 0 1.4 14 26.1 0.7 0 9.9 3.5 1.4 2.1 1.4 67.4 28 0 99 3.5 14 21 14 674 28 Figure 13.12 Than Their 0 632 4.2 9.7 0 0.7 6.3 0 prey. (B) ThiExplanation / Answer
1) Six replicate population of the annual plant Arbidopsis thaliana were established for each of 3 experiment treatment. There is some total of 18 population were established in this experiment.
2) No, there is no evolution occur in control with no aphids treatment because there is no change in genotype frequencies of different genotype. Control act as selective force that were likely to affect outcome of the experiment.
C) Aphids treatment lead to evolution because cause the variation in genotype frequencies in each generation. Adaptation to herbivore feeding was accompanied by considerable changes in the genotype composition of population , invluding complete loss of some of the genotype.
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