QUESTION 1 Bacteria that commonly inhabit the human body without causing disease

Question

QUESTION 1
Bacteria that commonly inhabit the human body without causing disease are called
A. • Pathogens
B. • Opportunistic infections
C. • Microbiota
D. • Communicable
E. • Sporadic

QUESTION 2
The relationship between a host and another organism is referred to as symbiosis. There are several kinds of symbiosis. The concept where a host AND its symbiont BOTH benefit from their relationship is known as
A. • Commensalism
B. • Parasitism
C. • Mutualism
D. • Pathogenism
E. • Transient Infection

QUESTION 3
A 65 year old man was hospitalized 2 years ago for the flu. He has been in remarkably good health since that time. Recently, he needed to be treated with tetracycline; a strong antibiotic commonly used after a tick bite to prevent Lyme’s Disease. He is now suffering from non-stop diarrhea. Which of the following phrases can be used to describe this situation?
A. He is suffering from an opportunistic infection.
B. He contracted a vector-borne disease.
C. He was in direct contact with a sick person.
D. He is sick because of a lack of herd immunity.
E. He is suffering a water-borne illness.

QUESTION 4
Herd immunity is responsible for the protection of many people from illness mainly because
A. • Old people and children and more susceptible to illnesses.
B. • Immune people do not get sick and therefore cannot be carriers of a disease.
C. • Vaccinated people are more likely to follow the rules and go to their doctors.
D. • Any vaccine boosts the immune system of the person receiving it.
E. • Either illness or vaccination provides immunity.

QUESTION 5
Which of the following is the correct outline for the stages of a disease from beginning to end?
A. • Incubation period, period of illness, period of decline, prodromal period, period of convalescence.
B. • Period of illness, incubation period, period of illness, prodromal period, period of convalescence.
C. • Incubation period, prodromal period, period of illness, period of decline, period of convalescence.
D. • Period of convalescence, incubation period, period of illness, period of decline, prodromal period.
E. • Period of illness, period of decline, incubation period, period of convalescence, prodromal period.

Explanation / Answer

Answer 1 - Microbiota is correct answer.

Human body provide shelter to various bacteria and they help us in various activities, for example: E. coli residing the human gut. Such a friendly bacteria are called microbiota.

Answer 2 - Mutualism is correct answer.

Lichen is a good example of mutualism. It is an symbiotic association of algae and fungi, where algae works as food preparation by photosynthesis and fungi provides shelter to algae and absorbs minerals and water required by algae to prepare food.

Answer 3 - 'He is suffering from an opportunistic infection' is correct answer.

There are present some friendly bacteria and other microorganisms in our body. After treatment with strong antibiotics such as tetracycline this normal flora of body is destructed and other possible pathogens gets the chance to cause infection as there is no other species to stop them. This is called opportunistic infection and the same is case with old man mentioned in the question. Pathogens such as Campylobacter, Escherichia coli takes the advantage of absence of friendly flora and caused diarrhea.

Answer 4 -  'Immune people do not get sick and therefore cannot be carriers of a disease', is correct answer.

If maximum persons in a community is immunized, then there is less chance of spreading of disease between those people who are not immunized. If by chance, person who is non-immunized gets the disease, there is no large spread of disease as maximum people around him is immunized.

Answer 5 - 'Incubation period, prodromal period, period of illness, period of decline, period of convalescence' is the correct order of various stages of a disease.

Incubation period - period between pathogen entry to appearance of first sign of disease

Prodormal period - period between end of incubation period to appearance of characteristic symptom

Period of illness - phase of rapid multipliation of pathogen and symptoms are more pronounced

Period of decline - phase in which population of pathogen starts declining

Period of convalescence - in this stage host starts recovery and comes to normal state

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