1S. Sulfated GAGs are important constituents of what extracellular structures? a

Question

1S. Sulfated GAGs are important constituents of what extracellular structures? a. Hyaluronan b. Elastic fibers c. Type I collagen d. Proteoglycans e. Multiadhesive glycoproteins Which of the following contains binding sites for integrins and is an important part of the ECM in both loose connective tissue and dense irregular connective tissue? a. Aggrecan b. Fibronectin c. Perlecan d. Fibrillin e. Most types of collagen 17. Dense regular connective tissue typically involves which of the following features? a. Contains mostly synthetically active fibroblasts b. Contains much ground substance c. Contains a similar cell population as areolar connective tissue d. Predominant tissue type in the stroma of most organs e. Predominantly located in tendons and ligaments metastasis of malignant cells in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. They have developed a novel peptide-based drug, potentially deliverable therapeutically, that disrupts the tumor cells' ability to adhere to the ECM, which in turn triggers apoptosis. Which of the following is a most likely target of such drugs? 18. Research scientists at a small biotech firm are investigating new methods of controlling the growth and a. Cadherins b. Adhesins c. Integrins d. Glycolipids of the cell membrane e. Fibrillin 19. A 36-year-old man is referred by his family physician to the pulmonary clinic. He complains of shortness of breath following physical activity and decreased capacity for exercise. He says that strenuous exercise including yard work is impossible without sitting down and resting every few minutes. After taking several deep breaths during the physical examination, he begins to wheeze. He is not a smoker and works in an office not exposed to dust, fumes, or other irritants. He appears slightly jaundiced. Serum alpha1- antitrypsin (AAT) concentration analysis is below normal and is followed up with AAT phenotype and DNA testing which indicates one copy of S and one orz mutations with 40% abnormal AAT production. Urinalysis shows elevated levels of desmosine and isodesmosine. These excreted compounds normally contribute to efficient lung function by which of the following mechanisms? Post-translational modification of fibrillin Cross-linking elastin Activating elastase Activating AAT Binding type IV collagen to elastin a. b. . . 0. A 33-year-old homeless woman has been living in an abandoned building eating dried meat and bread from th dumpster behind a delicatessen. She smokes cigarettes "bummed from others. She presents at a free elir with bleeding under the skin, particularly around hair follicles, and bruises on her arms and legs. She is

Explanation / Answer

15. d. Proteoglycan
Sulfated GAGs are important constituents of proteoglycans. Proteoglycan consists of a core protein with one or more covalently attached glycosaminoglycans.

16. b. fibronectin
Fibronectin contains binding sites for integrins and is an important part of the ECM in both loose connective tissue and dense irregular connective tissue. Similar to integrins, it also binds to other components of the ECM such as collagen and fibrin.

17. d. predominantly located in tendons and ligaments.
Dense regular connective tissue are predominantly located in tendons and ligaments. It is strong and flexible and hence protects the structures that is bound to it.

18. c. Integrins
Integrins are the receptor proteins that helps the cells to bind and respond to the extracellular matrix and thereby regulate the shape and movement of the cells. They are also capable of activating intracellular signalling pathways.

19. b. cross-linking elastin
The elasticity of lungs is provided by elastin which is synthesized as tropoelastin monomers which are soluble. The monomers are then cross-linked by the amino acids, Desmosine and Isodesmosine which forms insoluble mature elastic fiber. Presence of desmosine and isodesmosine in body fluids indicate elastin degradation.

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