1. A psychologist is interested in measuring the quality of the relationship bet

Question

1. A psychologist is interested in measuring the quality of the relationship between mothers and their 1-year-old infants. They start by gathering 50 hours of video recording of each mother-child dyad. They code the interactions such that each dyad ends up with a "Security Score" (a number between 10 very low - 50 very high). They now wonder if they can assess the participants more quickly (50 hours of observations is a lot to gather and code). They draw up a survey of 50 questions and ask all the mothers to answer the questions. The researchers hope that the scores on the survey will mirror the scores on the observations. Here are the trials: Participant 1: Observation: 10 (very low). Survey: 11 (very low) Participant 2: Observation: 25 (moderate). Survey: 26 (moderate) Participant 3: Observation: 37 (high) Survey: 39 (high) The survey is A. reliable but not valid B. valid but not reliable C. neither reliable nor valid D. both reliable and valid

2. You are developing a new test of Working Memory (how much information you can keep in mind and work with at a time). You take the currently accepted test and score a 12 (average) on a scale of 6-18. You then take your new test three times. Here are the results: Trial one: 18 Trial two: 18 Trial three: 17 Your new Working Memory test is: A. not reliable but valid B. reliable and valid C. reliable but not valid D. neither reliable nor valid

3. A psychologist is interested in measuring the quality of the relationship between mothers and their 1-year-old infants. They start by gathering 50 hours of video recording of each mother-child dyad. They code the interactions such that each dyad ends up with a "Security Score" (a number between 10 very low - 50 very high). They now wonder if they can assess the participants more quickly (50 hours of observations is a lot to gather and code). They draw up a survey of 50 questions and ask all the mothers to answer the questions. The researchers hope that the scores on the survey will mirror the scores on the observations. Here are the trials: Trial 1: Observation: 11 (very low). Survey: 17 (low) Trial 2: Observation: 11 (very low). Survey: 48 (very high) Trial 3: Observation: 10 (very low). Survey: 29 (moderate) The survey is A. reliable but not valid B. valid but not reliable C. neither reliable nor valid D. both reliable and valid

I WOULD APPRECIATE IT IF YOU EXPLAIN WHY.

Explanation / Answer

1. The survey is neither reliable nor valid here since the other options of "Low" and "Very High" do not get reflected in either in the survery or in the observations. Moreover, the observation count for each of the levels is always lesser than the survey count. Thus, the survey is seen to overestimate the ratings.

2. The test is reliable but not valid. It is reliable because the three tests give consistent output at 18, 18, and 17. However, it does not appear valid as it deviates a lot from the accepted test score of 12.

3. The test is neither reliable nor valid as it yields inconsistent observation values and it also deviates a lot from the observational tests.

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