Exercise 37 Communication in Relationships t Test for Independent Groups: I Stat
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Exercise 37 Communication in Relationships t Test for Independent Groups: I Statistical Guide The t test is often used to test the significance of the difference between two means. It yields a value of p, which indicates the probability that chance or random sampling errors created the dif. ference between the means. Most researchers declare a difference to be significant when p is equal to or less than .05. The lower the probability, the more significant the difference. Thus, a p of .01 is more significant than a p of .05. When a researcher declares a difference to be statistically signifi- cant, he or she is rejecting the null hypothesis. The lower the probability, the more confidence a re- searcher can have in rejecting the null hypothesis Note that the absence of footnotes with probabilities in a table that contains a number of sig- nificance tests indicates that the comparison in question is not statistically significant. Excerpt from the Research Article The married sample comprised members of 100 heterosexual couples (54% were women and 46% were men) from a Midwestern university. The dating sample also consisted of members of 100 heterosexual couples (59% were women and 41% were men) from the same Midwestern university All the married and dating couples were Euro-American. A researcher selected subjects in a haphaz- ard fashion and asked them to complete a short survey.... The mean age of the sample was 26.7 years (SD 2.6) The Affectionate Communication Index is a 19-item index that...assesses the amount of ver- bal and nonverbal affectionate communication and support on a 7-point...scale, with anchors of 1- partners always engage in this type of affectionate activity to 7 = partners never engage in this type of activity. [Thus, lower scores indicate more affectionate communication. Table 1 shows the results for the nonverbal activities.] Table 1 Dating and Married Individuals'Reports of Nonverbal Affectionate Communication Item Hold hands SD 3.3 Dating Married Dating Married Dating Married 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2.9 2.9 2.0 1.5 Kiss on the lips Kiss on the cheeks Give massages to each other Put arm around shoulder 4.2 Dating Married Dating iarried 100 92 3.6 2.5 Table 1 continued on next page Source: Punyanunt-Carter, N. M. (2004). Reported affectionate communication and satisfaction in marital and dating relationships Psychological Reports, 95 1 154-1160. Copyright © 2004 by Psychological Reports. Reprinted with per mission 112Explanation / Answer
1. From the table we see that mean score of the dating category of kissing lips is higher than married. So answer is dating group.
2. We see that the p-value for kissing in lips category is less than 0.001. So there is a significant difference between two means at 1% significance level.
3. As p-value is less than 0.001 which is less than 0.01 so the null hypothesis of equality of two means will be rejected at 1% significance level.
4. We see that p-value pf hug each other group is less than 0.05, not less than 0.01. So the difference between the means is significant at 5% level but not at 1% level.
5. So for the same reasons above, the null hypothesis should be rejected at 5% probability level but not at 1% level.
6. consider the t-values where there is no * or + sign. For those items p-value is not less than 0.05. These items are
So for these two items difference is not statistically significant.
7. For wink ta each other p-value is not less than than 0.05. So null hypothesis should not be rejected at 5% probability level.
8. Collect all the items for which t-value has * sign. These are
So this is the only items for which p-value is less than 0.05 but not less than 0.001. So for this item means are significant at 5% level but not at 0.001 level.
9. For hugging each other p-value is less than 0.05 but not less than 0.001 where as for the other p-value is even less than 0.001. So for difference in sitting close to each other has higher significant level.
10. again as the p-value of holding hands is less than 0.001 but not for hugging each other, So the null hypothesis of difference in means of holding hands should be rejected with higher confidence level.
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