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solve all in detail with steps please, I paid my money

olve all in detail with steps please, I paid my money

4) a) Hemodialysis and Blood oxgenators represent two main medical applications of membranes. Draw and label schematic diagrams of the two processes and give a brief explanation of their function. (10marks) b) Calculate the flux and rate of removal of urea at steady state in gh from blood in a cuprophane membrane dialyser at 37°C, Membrane thickness is 0.025 mm and has an area of 2.0 mm-The mass transfer coefficient on the blood side is estimated at ke-125 x 10 and that on the aqueous side is 3.33 x 10 3 m/s. The permeability of the membrane is 873 x 10 m/s. The concentration of urea in the blood is 0.02 g urea/100ml and that in the dialyzing fluid will be assumed to be o. (5mks) DAB NA = (10marks) Rate of removal NA x Time (seconds) x Membrane area 5) a) What is the difference between isotropic membranes and anisotropie membranes? (4marks) b) Outline the membrane preparation techniques for both isotropic, non porous (dense) and (16marks) microporous and anisotropic membranes.

Explanation / Answer

5. (a)

1.“Isotropic” and “anisotropic” are related words that are opposites of each other. “Isotropic” is a noun and adjective that describe something with identical properties in all directions. 2.As its opposite, anisotropic also serves the same purpose (as a noun and adjective) for materials with different properties in all directions.
3.“Isotropic” is independent of direction while “anisotropic” materials are very dependent on this element.
4.In minerals, anisotropic minerals can be penetrated by light due to their inconsistent properties in all directions. This is the opposite for isotropic minerals. Light cannot penetrate the mineral because the mineral’s properties block the light in any direction possible.
5.Chemical bonding is another point of difference. Anisotropic minerals have different and inconsistent chemical bonding. Isotropic minerals, on the other hand, exhibit consistent and uniform chemical bonding within the mineral.
6.Anisotropic minerals have the characteristic of double refraction which can be classified as uniaxial or biaxial. Meanwhile, isotropic minerals don’t have this characteristic.
7.In terms of structure, “anisotropic” is a derived term. It is a word that came from “isotropic” which means “equal direction.” The addition of the Greek prefix “an” makes its meaning the opposite equivalent of its root or base word. The opposition of meaning is also true for other words with this prefix “an”.

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