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1.The main trial is conducted and involves a total of 200 patients. Patients are

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Question

1.The main trial is conducted and involves a total of 200 patients. Patients are enrolled and randomized to receive either the experimental medication or the placebo. The data shown below are data collected at the end of the study after 6 weeks on the assigned treatment:

Experimental

(n = 100)

Placebo

(n = 100)

Mean (Standard Deviation) Systolic Blood Pressure

120 (15.4)

137.4 (18.9)

% Hypertensive

14%

22%

% With Side Effects

6%

8%

a.Generate a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean systolic blood pressures between groups.

b.Generate a 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions of patients with hypertension between groups.

c.Generate a point estimate for the relative risk of side effects in patients assigned to the experimental group as compared to placebo. Generate a 95% confidence interval for the relative risk.

Experimental

(n = 100)

Placebo

(n = 100)

Mean (Standard Deviation) Systolic Blood Pressure

120 (15.4)

137.4 (18.9)

% Hypertensive

14%

22%

% With Side Effects

6%

8%

Explanation / Answer

1.The main trial is conducted and involves a total of 200 patients. Patients are enrolled and randomized to receive either the experimental medication or the placebo. The data shown below are data collected at the end of the study after 6 weeks on the assigned treatment:

Experimental

(n = 100)

Placebo

(n = 100)

Mean (Standard Deviation) Systolic Blood Pressure

120 (15.4)

137.4 (18.9)

% Hypertensive

14%

22%

% With Side Effects

6%

8%

a.Generate a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean systolic blood pressures between groups.

95% confidence interval for the difference in mean systolic blood pressures between experimental and placebo groups.

Data

Hypothesized Difference

0

Level of Significance

0.05

Population 1 Sample

Sample Size

100

Sample Mean

120

Sample Standard Deviation

15.4

Population 2 Sample

Sample Size

100

Sample Mean

137.4

Sample Standard Deviation

18.9

Intermediate Calculations

Population 1 Sample Degrees of Freedom

99

Population 2 Sample Degrees of Freedom

99

Total Degrees of Freedom

198

Pooled Variance

297.1850

Standard Error

2.4380

Difference in Sample Means

-17.4000

Confidence Interval Estimate

for the Difference Between Two Means

Data

Confidence Level

95%

Intermediate Calculations

Degrees of Freedom

198

t Value

1.9720

Interval Half Width

4.8077

Confidence Interval

Interval Lower Limit

-22.2077

Interval Upper Limit

-12.5923

95% CI for mean difference = (-22.2077, -12.5923)

b.Generate a 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportions of patients with hypertension between groups.

Data

Hypothesized Difference

0

Level of Significance

0.05

Group 1

Number of Items of Interest

14

Sample Size

100

Group 2

Number of Items of Interest

22

Sample Size

100

Intermediate Calculations

Group 1 Proportion

0.14

Group 2 Proportion

0.22

Difference in Two Proportions

-0.08

Average Proportion

0.1800

Confidence Interval Estimate

of the Difference Between Two Proportions

Data

Confidence Level

95%

Intermediate Calculations

Z Value

-1.9600

Std. Error of the Diff. between two Proportions

0.0540

Interval Half Width

0.1059

Confidence Interval

Interval Lower Limit

-0.1859

Interval Upper Limit

0.0259

95% proportion difference =(-0.1829, 0.0259)

c.Generate a point estimate for the relative risk of side effects in patients assigned to the experimental group as compared to placebo. Generate a 95% confidence interval for the relative risk.

Experimental

Placebo

side effect

6

8

No side effect

94

92

100

100

Risk in experimental group = 6/100=0.06

Risk in experimental placebo=8/100=0.08

Relative risk =0.06/0.08 =0.75

95% confidence interval for the relative risk = (0.2700, 2.0832)

Experimental

(n = 100)

Placebo

(n = 100)

Mean (Standard Deviation) Systolic Blood Pressure

120 (15.4)

137.4 (18.9)

% Hypertensive

14%

22%

% With Side Effects

6%

8%