a) What cell fate is induced in animal hemisphere cells of the amphibian embryo

ID: 31252 • Letter: A

Question

a) What cell fate is induced in animal hemisphere cells of the amphibian embryo by BMP signalling?

b) What is the mode of action of the neural inducing molecules chordin and noggin?

c) Briefly describe the anatomical structure of the central nervous system of a tadpole stage amphibian embryo.

d) What is the evidence that neural tissue induced by noggin differs from the neural tissue induced by the combined action of noggin and FGF?

e) Compare and contrast the effects of BMP and FGF signalling on the activity of the Smad1 protein.

a) Non-neural ectoderm/epidermis

b) They are able to bind to BMP in the extracellular environment and inhibit BMP

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