. In the same study, it was also observed that mothers who used hormones during

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. In the same study, it was also observed that mothers who used hormones during their pregnancies were more likely to have had a history of medically complicated pregnancies. Further, and independent of the use of hormones, a history of medically complicated pregnancies may be associated with a subsequent increased risk of several conditions in the children, including cancer. If so, this would be an example of: (2 points) i) The role of chance. ii) Non-differential (random) misclassification. iii) Recall bias. iiii) Confounding. c. Explain your choice (2 poin . In the same study, it was also observed that mothers who used hormones during their pregnancies were more likely to have had a history of medically complicated pregnancies. Further, and independent of the use of hormones, a history of medically complicated pregnancies may be associated with a subsequent increased risk of several conditions in the children, including cancer. If so, this would be an example of: (2 points) i) The role of chance. ii) Non-differential (random) misclassification. iii) Recall bias. iiii) Confounding. c. Explain your choice (2 poin . In the same study, it was also observed that mothers who used hormones during their pregnancies were more likely to have had a history of medically complicated pregnancies. Further, and independent of the use of hormones, a history of medically complicated pregnancies may be associated with a subsequent increased risk of several conditions in the children, including cancer. If so, this would be an example of: (2 points) i) The role of chance. ii) Non-differential (random) misclassification. iii) Recall bias. iiii) Confounding. c. Explain your choice (2 poin

Explanation / Answer

A number of maternal medical conditions are associated with an increased risk of indicated or spontaneous preterm birth, including, for example, chronic hypertension, prepregnancy diabetes millitus, and systemic lupus arytgematosus. Maternal illness can alter or limit the placental delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the develloping fetus, possibly resulting in fetal growth restriction. In addition, they can increase the risk of preeclampsia and,thus, the risk of indicated preterm birth.Other risk factors for preterm birth can also be an indicator of higher risk, as can a short interprgnancy interval. Finally, the number of american women using assisted reproductive technologies to achieve pregnancies has increased, and the use of such technologies is associated with multiple gestations and the increased risk forpreterm delivery. The existence of any of these risk factors for preterm birth provides a focus for understanding a focus for understanding their causative effects and developing interventions.

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