I need 9/10 to pass this i only have 30 minutes to submit this Thank you Item 1

Question

I need 9/10 to pass this i only have 30 minutes to submit this Thank you

Item 1

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

There is a desperate need for theorists and researchers to generate and refine a new breed of learning-focused instructional design theories that help educators and trainers to meet those needs, (i.e., that focus on learning and that foster development of initiative, teamwork, thinking skills, and diversity). The health of instructional-design theory also depends on its ability to involve stakeholders in the design process.

References:
Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). What is instructional-design theory and how is it changing? In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory (Vol. II, pp. 5-29). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

We need theorists and researchers to generate and refine learning-focused instructional design theories. Such theories will help educators and trainers to meet needs that focus on learning and that foster development of initiative, teamwork, thinking skills, and diversity. Instructional-design theory must involve stakeholders in the design process.

References:
Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). What is instructional-design theory and how is it changing? In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory(Vol. II, pp. 5-29). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 2

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

What, however, does not merge in this autobiographical text are the ego boundaries of mother and daughter, mother and granddaughter. They always stand apart but close, always in relation to each other, always in a mental and spiritual proximity, but as presented by the text, never threatening each other's subjectivity. In this way, this textual representation of female and, in particular, maternal subjectivity rewrites--or rather, writes herself out of--the patriarchal inscription of the maternal: there is no fusion between the mother and the child; as is the self-sacrificial element of mothering missing from the text.

References:
Séllei, N., (2009) The mother in mourning as the subject of autobiography in Rosamond Lehmann's The swan in the evening: Fragments of an inner life. In A. O'Reilly, & S. Caporale-Bizzini (Eds.). From the personal to the political: Toward a new theory of maternal narrative (pp. 170-182). Cranbury, NJ: Susquehanna University Press.

With respect to the ego boundaries among the female characters in the text, Séllei (2009) suggests "They always stand apart but close, always in relation to each other, always in a mental and spiritual proximity, but as presented by the text, never threatening each other's subjectivity" (p. 180). Séllei then goes on to contrast the text's representation of the maternal with traditional patriarchal representations.

References:
Séllei, N., (2009) The mother in mourning as the subject of autobiography in Rosamond Lehmann's The swan in the evening: Fragments of an inner life. In A. O'Reilly, & S. Caporale-Bizzini (Eds.). From the personal to the political: Toward a new theory of maternal narrative (pp. 170-182). Cranbury, NJ: Susquehanna University Press.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 3

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

What, however, does not merge in this autobiographical text are the ego boundaries of mother and daughter, mother and granddaughter. They always stand apart but close, always in relation to each other, always in a mental and spiritual proximity, but as presented by the text, never threatening each other's subjectivity. In this way, this textual representation of female and, in particular, maternal subjectivity rewrites--or rather, writes herself out of--the patriarchal inscription of the maternal: there is no fusion between the mother and the child; as is the self-sacrificial element of mothering missing from the text.

References:
Séllei, N., (2009) The mother in mourning as the subject of autobiography in Rosamond Lehmann's The swan in the evening: Fragments of an inner life. In A. O'Reilly, & S. Caporale-Bizzini (Eds.). From the personal to the political: Toward a new theory of maternal narrative (pp. 170-182). Cranbury, NJ: Susquehanna University Press.

The lead women in this autobiographical text consistently stand closely to each other while remaining separate individuals. With respect to their mental and spiritual perspectives, they strike a balance between closeness and independence. Through these relationships, the "textual representation of female and, in particular, maternal subjectivity rewrites--or rather, writes herself out of--the patriarchal inscription of the maternal" (Séllei, 2009, p. 180).

References:
Séllei, N., (2009) The mother in mourning as the subject of autobiography in Rosamond Lehmann's The swan in the evening: Fragments of an inner life. In A. O'Reilly, & S. Caporale-Bizzini (Eds.). From the personal to the political: Toward a new theory of maternal narrative (pp. 170-182). Cranbury, NJ: Susquehanna University Press.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 4

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

There is a design methodology called rapid prototyping, which has been used successfully in software engineering. Given similarities between software design and instructional design, we argue that rapid prototyping is a viable method for instructional design, especially for computer-based instruction.

References:
Tripp, S., & Bichelmeyer, B. (1990). Rapid prototyping: An alternative instructional design strategy. Educational Technology Research and Development, 38(1), 31-44.

Rapid prototyping has been used successfully in software engineering and is a viable method for instructional design, especially for computer-based instruction. This is especially true due to the shared challenges faced by software and instructional designers (Tripp & Bichelmeyer, 1990).

References:
Tripp, S., & Bichelmeyer, B. (1990). Rapid prototyping: An alternative instructional design strategy. Educational Technology Research and Development, 38(1), 31-44.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 5

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

Pei is popularly known for the controversy surrounding his Grand Louvre Pyramid (1988), constructed in the courtyard of the Louvre (fig. 25.21). The Pyramid deliberately turns the tradition and concept of pyramid inside out. A pyramid is supposed to be solid, dark, and solitary--a mesmerizing symbol of the exotic world beyond the streets and cultures of Europe.

References:
Arnason, H. H. (2003). History of modern art: painting, sculpture, architecture, photography(5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

One of the great wonders of the world are the pyramids of Egypt. These pyramids have become a mesmerizing symbol of the exotic world beyond the streets and cultures of Europe and the embodiment of associations with the pyramid shape which is supposed to be "solid, dark, and solitary" (Arnason, 2003, p. 667)

References:
Arnason, H. H. (2003). History of modern art: painting, sculpture, architecture, photography(5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 6

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

It is possible to travel to the future. That is, relativity shows that it is possible to create a time machine that will jump you forward in time. You step into the time machine, wait, step out, and find that much more time has passed on the earth than has passed for you. We do not have the technology today to do this, but it is just a matter of engineering: we know it can be done.

References:
Hawking, S., & Mlodinow, L. (2008). A briefer history of time (Reprint.). New York, NY: Bantam.

Scientists express surprising confidence about the possibility of time travel. While they acknowledge that we don't possess the required technology, they do point out that it's just a question of engineering since it is clearly not impossible (Hawking & Mlodinow, 2008). If society did have access to technology that enabled travel to the future, how exactly would we use it?

  

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 7

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

The way the U.S. judicial system works, a defendant is first found to be innocent or guilty. The punishment sentence is determined only after a defendant has been found guilty. It might seem that this is a relatively minor procedural issue. Yet, the order of this decision-making can mean the difference between life and death, or even between conviction and acquittal.

References:
Dixit, A. K., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1991). Thinking strategically: The competitive edge in business, politics, and everyday life. New York, NY: Norton.

Decision-making order "can mean the difference between life and death, or even between conviction and acquittal" (Dixit & Nalebuff, 1991, p. 270) which puts the fact that in the U.S. judicial system the punishment sentence is determined only after a defendant has been found guilty into new light. Clearly, this is not a relatively minor procedural issue.

References:
Dixit, A. K., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1991). Thinking strategically: The competitive edge in business, politics, and everyday life. New York, NY: Norton.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 8

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is satisfying because it shows us a way in which simplicity could change into complexity, how unordered atoms could group themselves into ever more complex patterns until they ended up manufacturing people.

References:
Dawkins, R. (1989). The selfish gene (3rd ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

While the theory of evolution does have detractors, I find it provides a very convincing explanation of how highly complex organisms such as humans could evolve from simple atoms (Dawkins, 1989).

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 9

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

Educational processes and systems are complex, and any attempt to measure them, especially at this level of aggregation, can only lead to broad and general discussions. However, we contend that this discussion is necessary. Further, attempting to measure global processes in education may provide another puzzle piece to theoreticians as well as national and local policy-makers, who are working at understanding and, in the latter case, steering educational systems.

References:
Rutkowski, L., & Rutkowski, D. (2009). Trends in TIMSS responses over time: Evidence of global forces in education? Educational Research and Evaluation, 15(2), 137-152.

There are many factors that researchers and policy makers seeking to understand and/or direct educational systems must consider. Given the complexity of education, measurements based on aggregating a large amount of data preclude associated discussions from focusing on narrow and specific details.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Item 10

In the case below, the original source material is given along with a sample of student work. Determine the type of plagiarism by clicking the appropriate radio button.

Original Source Material

Student Version

The word "comfortable" is more profound than people usually realize. The mystery of genuine comfort goes beyond the simple idea that the word first seems to mean. Places which are comfortable are comfortable because they have no inner contradictions, because there is no little restlessness disturbing them.

References:
Alexander, C. (1979). The timeless way of building (Vol. 1). New York, NY: Oxford University Press USA.

The mystery of genuine comfort goes beyond the simple idea that the word first seems to mean. According to Alexander (1979), comfortable places "have no inner contradictions" (p. 32). Could choice of color, fabric, or even the scent of a sleeping pillow lead to possible contradictions that would contribute to how comfortable we viewed the pillow?

References:
Alexander, C. (1979). The timeless way of building (Vol. 1). New York, NY: Oxford University Press USA.

Which of the following is true for the Student Version above?

Word-for-Word plagiarism

Paraphrasing plagiarism

This is not plagiarism

Hints

Original Source Material

Student Version

There is a desperate need for theorists and researchers to generate and refine a new breed of learning-focused instructional design theories that help educators and trainers to meet those needs, (i.e., that focus on learning and that foster development of initiative, teamwork, thinking skills, and diversity). The health of instructional-design theory also depends on its ability to involve stakeholders in the design process.

References:
Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). What is instructional-design theory and how is it changing? In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory (Vol. II, pp. 5-29). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

We need theorists and researchers to generate and refine learning-focused instructional design theories. Such theories will help educators and trainers to meet needs that focus on learning and that foster development of initiative, teamwork, thinking skills, and diversity. Instructional-design theory must involve stakeholders in the design process.

References:
Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). What is instructional-design theory and how is it changing? In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory(Vol. II, pp. 5-29). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Explanation / Answer

Starting with the definitions of the terms given in the options of this question:

1.Word-for-Word Plagiarism: This happens when a writer takes a sequence of 7 or more words from another source, but fails to identify the quoted passage, fails to provide the full in-text citation crediting the author(s), and fails to provide the bibliographic reference

2.Paraphrasing Plagiarism: In addition to quotation marks or indenting, all quoted material should also be cited, using either footnotes, endnotes, or in-text citation. It is your own way of expressing what you have understood.

3.Not a plagiarism: This doesn't require any explanation. As the name suggests, any case of copying the contents is not a part of this writing.

Coming to the question:

Item 1 -(underlined implies words taken from the original paragraph)

We need theorists and researchers to generate and refine learning-focused instructional design theories. Such theories will help educators and trainers to meet needs that focus on learning and that foster development of initiative, teamwork, thinking skills, and diversity. Instructional-design theory must involve stakeholders in the design process.

This version is word-for-word plagiarism.

The student re-organized the original material and inserted portions of the original material in different places within the student's writing, but it is still word-for-word plagiarism. Since the original author was not cited in the student's text and quotation marks were not used, these words appear to be those of the student.

Item-2: No plagiarism

With respect to the ego boundaries among the female characters in the text, Séllei (2009) suggests "They always stand apart but close, always in relation to each other, always in a mental and spiritual proximity, but as presented by the text, never threatening each other's subjectivity" (p. 180). Séllei then goes on to contrast the text's representation of the maternal with traditional patriarchal representations.

Note in this example that the passage begins by citing the author and year of the publication. Quotation marks are used to indicate that the several passages are taken word-for-word from the original document. The reference tells us where to find the original author's work; and the page number at the end of the quote locates exactly where these words came from.

Item-3: No plagiarism

The lead women in this autobiographical text consistently stand closely to each other while remaining separate individuals. With respect to their mental and spiritual perspectives, they strike a balance between closeness and independence. Through these relationships, the "textual representation of female and, in particular, maternal subjectivity rewrites--or rather, writes herself out of--the patriarchal inscription of the maternal" (Séllei, 2009, p. 180).

References:
Séllei, N., (2009) The mother in mourning as the subject of autobiography in Rosamond Lehmann's The swan in the evening: Fragments of an inner life. In A. O'Reilly, & S. Caporale-Bizzini (Eds.). From the personal to the political: Toward a new theory of maternal narrative (pp. 170-182). Cranbury, NJ: Susquehanna University Press.

It is not word for word and also not only writing it by modifying, the references are also cited.

Hence there is no plagiarism.

Item 4:word for word

Rapid prototyping has been used successfully in software engineering and is a viable method for instructional design, especially for computer-based instruction. This is especially true due to the shared challenges faced by software and instructional designers (Tripp & Bichelmeyer, 1990).

References:
Tripp, S., & Bichelmeyer, B. (1990). Rapid prototyping: An alternative instructional design strategy. Educational Technology Research and Development, 38(1), 31-44.

This version is word-for-word plagiarism. Although the original author is cited at the end of the paragraph, the student copied word-for-word from the original source material and did not use quotation marks.

Item 5: Word for Word plagiarism

One of the great wonders of the world are the pyramids of Egypt. These pyramids have become a mesmerizing symbol of the exotic world beyond the streets and cultures of Europe and the embodiment of associations with the pyramid shape which is supposed to be "solid, dark, and solitary" (Arnason, 2003, p. 667)

References:
Arnason, H. H. (2003). History of modern art: painting, sculpture, architecture, photography(5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

This version is word-for-word plagiarism. Although the original author is cited at the end of the paragraph, the student copied word-for-word from the original source material and did not use quotation marks.

Item 6: Paraphrasing plagiarism

Scientists express surprising confidence about the possibility of time travel. While they acknowledge that we don't possess the required technology, they do point out that it's just a question of engineering since it is clearly not impossible (Hawking & Mlodinow, 2008). If society did have access to technology that enabled travel to the future, how exactly would we use it?

This is paraphrasing plagiarism. Although the student has paraphrased the original material and included a citation for the original author, no reference is provided.

Item 7 : Word for word plagiarism as the words are directly taken from the original paragraph

Decision-making order "can mean the difference between life and death, or even between conviction and acquittal" (Dixit & Nalebuff, 1991, p. 270) which puts the fact that in the U.S. judicial system the punishment sentence is determined only after a defendant has been found guilty into a new light. Clearly, this is not a relatively minor procedural issue.

References:
Dixit, A. K., & Nalebuff, B. J. (1991). Thinking strategically: The competitive edge in business, politics, and everyday life. New York, NY: Norton.

Item 8: paraphrasing

While the theory of evolution does have detractors, I find it provides a very convincing explanation of how highly complex organisms such as humans could evolve from simple atoms (Dawkins, 1989).

This is paraphrasing plagiarism. Although the student has paraphrased the original material and included a citation for the original author, no reference is provided.

Item 9: Paraphrasing plagiarism( References and citation to the author are not provided and also the words are not taken directly)

There are many factors that researchers and policymakers seeking to understand and/or direct educational systems must consider. Given the complexity of education, measurements based on aggregating a large amount of data preclude associated discussions from focusing on narrow and specific details.

Item 10: word for word plagiarism(words are directly taken)

The mystery of genuine comfort goes beyond the simple idea that the word first seems to mean. According to Alexander (1979), comfortable places "have no inner contradictions" (p. 32). Could the choice of color, fabric, or even the scent of a sleeping pillow lead to possible contradictions that would contribute to how comfortable we viewed the pillow?

References:
Alexander, C. (1979). The timeless way of building (Vol. 1). New York, NY: Oxford University Press USA.

So I conclude this answer by stating that

Word for Word plagiarism -> When words are directly taken from the original paragraph irrespective of the references mentioned or not, quotations mentioned or not, authors cited or not.

Paraphrasing plagiarism->When the references are not mentioned or the author not cited keeping the content different from the original paragraph.

No plagiarism-> References present,Quotation marks present,citation to the authors present ,including that writing the paragraph on our own.

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