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Graph theory Corollary 2 attached below If G is a connected planar simple graph,

ID: 3110510 • Letter: G

Question


Graph theory Corollary 2 attached below If G is a connected planar simple graph, then G has a vertex of degree not exceeding five. If G is a connected planar simple graph, then G has a vertex of degree not exceeding five. Show that every planar graph G (no intersecting edges) can be colored using six or fewer colors. [Hint: Use mathematical induction on the number of vertices of the graph. Apply Corollary 2 of section 10.7 to find a vertex v with deg (v) 5. Consider the subgraph of G obtained by deleting v and all edges incident with it.

Explanation / Answer

to show that every planer graph G can be colored using six colors or fewer colors.

We prove this using mathematical induction on number of vertices of G .

Step 1) Let G be a planar graph suh that number of vertices less than 6

i.e

we colord each vertex by less than of equal to 6 different colors .

therfore reult is true for number of vertex less than 6 .

INDUCTION HYPOTHESIS :-Assume that G be planar graph on vertex V=K can be colored with 6 colors

Let G be planar graph on V=K+1 vertices

[ Corollary:- If G be planar graph then G must have some vertex of degree less than or equal to 5 ]

By corollary

G must have some vertex w of degree less than or equal to 5

We remove vertex w from G

we get new graph G" of vertices V=K

By induction hypothesis

G" can be colored in 6 colores

we think of this as coloring of G except vertex w

But w has degree at most 5

therfore one of six colored not used for any neighbous of w and we can finish coloring of G .

therfore G can be colored using six colored .