Grapevines (Vitis vinifera) are widely grown worldwide for fruit, as well as to
ID: 261484 • Letter: G
Question
Grapevines (Vitis vinifera) are widely grown worldwide for fruit, as well as to produce juice. In Florida, most research efforts were focused on developing disease-resistant bunch grape varieties which resulted in hybrid bunch grape genotypes developed through hybridization of local grape species with Vitis vinifera. Florida hybrid bunch grapes are gaining popularity in this region because of their similarity to bunch grape and tolerance to Pierce’s disease which limits growing of bunch grape in southeastern US. In addition to PD Florida hybrid bunch grape cultivars also show wide genetic variation for anthracnose tolerance.
Several qualitative and quantitative changes are known to occur in plant protein composition due to physiological responses, environmental and biotic stresses, resulting in changes in plant metabolism and stimulation of the synthesis and degradation of specific proteins. These changes are directly associated with those in enzyme complexes, and are involved in protein changes, suggesting a strong correlation between the induced proteins or expression of genes and the level of stress tolerance among the genotypes. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the biochemical and molecular processes involved in berry ripening in order to develop hybrid grape cultivars with superior enological traits that are suitable to this region. Hybrid bunch grapes have distinct morphology and significantly differ from Vitis vinifera in berry characteristics, composition, stress tolerance and enological characteristics. Studies in Vitis vinifera relating to its development, physiology and proteome has been carried out extensively. Variations in molecular and cellular responses in leaf tissues were studied in hybrid bunch grape in response to water stress. However, little is known about Florida hybrid bunch grape berry proteome.
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Explanation / Answer
The abstract can be paraphrased as below:
The improvement in the quality of grape bunches is extremely promoted, especially that of Floride vines. This vine is genetically modified to ensure enhanced shelf-life of the fruit along with other essential qualities, including genetic tolerance. However, studies have shown that mere genetic engineering does not lead to development of better characters and mutual interaction of various biotic and abiotic factors is essential for their development. Since all physiological features are expressed in form of proteins, it remains necessary to understand the change in the proteome of the genetically mofidifed vine as compared to wild type so that the particular reason behind the improvement might be understood.
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