How has snow water equivalent been influenced by the temperature trend depicted
ID: 3070800 • Letter: H
Question
How has snow water equivalent been influenced by the temperature trend depicted in Figure E1 below? The size of the circles relates to the magnitude of temperature changes at points in this region. Locations with blue circles experienced decreasing temperature. Locations with red circles experienced increasing temperature.
The change in temperature would lead to a decrease in snowpack density and snow water equivalent.
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QUESTION 2
With warmer temperatures in spring, the snowpack begins to melt off into runoff. As these mountain streams nourish lowland crops and settlements, the ability to accurately forecast the amount of water a snowpack will produce is an important task for water managers. Greater changes in snow water equivalent will translate to greater changes in the timing of spring runoff.
Figure F1 depicts predicted snowpack as a percentage of the 1949–1995 average across California. Note that in the left figure, the violet to dark red dots indicate locations where snowpack change was measured. The values of these dots are the average snow water equivalent predicted for 2050–2069 as a percent of the 1949–1995 snow water equivalent values. In the right figures, month of the year is on the x-axis and runoff is on the y-axis. Both measured (1949–1995) and predicted (2050–2069) values are shown.
Increased moisture content in the air would result in decreased snow water equivalent throughout this region. Snow water equivalent minimally changed because increases in snow density will cancel out changes in temperature. Snow water equivalent has increased in this region especially in states along the coast where air is warmer.The change in temperature would lead to a decrease in snowpack density and snow water equivalent.
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QUESTION 2
With warmer temperatures in spring, the snowpack begins to melt off into runoff. As these mountain streams nourish lowland crops and settlements, the ability to accurately forecast the amount of water a snowpack will produce is an important task for water managers. Greater changes in snow water equivalent will translate to greater changes in the timing of spring runoff.
Figure F1 depicts predicted snowpack as a percentage of the 1949–1995 average across California. Note that in the left figure, the violet to dark red dots indicate locations where snowpack change was measured. The values of these dots are the average snow water equivalent predicted for 2050–2069 as a percent of the 1949–1995 snow water equivalent values. In the right figures, month of the year is on the x-axis and runoff is on the y-axis. Both measured (1949–1995) and predicted (2050–2069) values are shown.
No change in the timing of spring runoff occurs in areas with 0% of 1949–1995 average. Late summer (June through September) outflow is predicted to increase in the period 2050–2069. The greatest change in the timing of spring runoff will occur on the northwestern side of the Sierra Nevada (upper-right side of figure). The least amount of change in the spring runoff will occur in the southeastern part of the state (lower-right of figure).Explanation / Answer
Q1) Option D.The change in temperature would lead to a decrease in snowpack density and Snow Water Equivalent.
Q2) Option A. No change in the timing of spring runoff occurs in areas with 0% of 1949-1995 average
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