1092138userid-259221328smsuserid-987878048languageid-18roletypeid-28scenario-11s

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1092138userid-259221328smsuserid-987878048languageid-18roletypeid-28scenario-11ses Elementary Statistics 3. Sample Design Literacy In "Cardiovascular Effects of Intravenous Triodothyronine in Patients Undergoing Coronary Antery Bypass Graft Surgery" Vournal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). Vol. 275, No. 9), the authors explain that patients were assigned to one of three groups: (1) a group treated with triidothyronine, (2) a group treated with normal saline bolus and dopamine, and (3) a placebo gropp given normal saline. The authors summarize the sample design as "randomized and double-blind." Describe the meaning of "randomized" and "double-blind" in the context of this study. , 4, Divorces and Margarine One study showed that there is a very high correlation between the divorce rate in Maine and per capita consumption of margarine in the United States. Can we conclude that either one of those two variables is the cause of the other? A 5. Simple Random Sample Which of the following is/are simple random samples? a. As Lipitor pills are being manufactured, a quality control plan is to select every 500th pill and test it to confirm that it contains 80 mg of atorvastatin. b. To test for a gender difference in the way that men and women make online purchases, Gallup surveys 500 randomly selected men and 500 randomly selected women. c. A list of all 10,877 adults in Trinity County. California, is obtained; the list is numbered from 1 to 10,877; and then a computer is used to randomly generate 250 different numbers between 1 and 10.877. The sample consists of the adults corresponding to the selected numbers. 6. Defense of Marriage Act Both of the following questions are essentially the same. Does the difference in wording seem as though it could affect the way that people respond? Are you in favor of the "Defense of Marriage Act"? . Are you in favor of an act that for federal and state aid, only heterosexual marriages should be recognized? 7. Colleges in United States Currently, there are 4612 colleges in the United States, and the number of full-time students is 13,203,477 a. Are the numbers of full-time students at different colleges discrete or continuous? b. What is the level of measurement for the numbers of full-time students at colleges? (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) G. What is wrong with surveying college students by mailing questionnaires to 10,000 of them who are randomly selected? d. If we randomly select 50 full-time college students in each of the 50 states, what type of sample is obtained? (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster) e. If we randomly select four colleges and survey all of their full-time students, what type of 28

Explanation / Answer

3. Im this context Randomized means the patients were randomly assigned to one of the 3 groups said above and Double blind implies that none of the patient were informed about what kind of saline they were provided with, thie process is called double blinding.

4. It is very illogical to think that divorce and per capita consumption are related even if they show high correlation. There must be a 'third invisible variable' which is related to both of thr 2 variables, and affects them. Thus it seems that these two variable are correlated, though they are not. This is called "Spurious correlation".

Another example : Sales of ice cream in a particular sea side country and no of deaths due to drowning in that country may show a positive correlation. But they can;t be related. The third factor here is the "summer" . IN the summer both sales of ice cream and no of people visiting beach goes up, and thus the result.

5. Option b and c are exmples of simple random samples. Option a is an example of systematic random sample.

6. No, both questions are asked in the same way, so answer should not vary.

Please upload the other questions in a different post.

If you have doubts let me know in the comment section. Thank you.

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