Question 1 Total 20 marksl Identify each of the following as either systematic e
ID: 3064084 • Letter: Q
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Question 1 Total 20 marksl Identify each of the following as either systematic error or random error or blunder. For systematic error or random error, identify also it sources as either natural or instrumental or personal. (a) EDM that measures 89.95 m while indicating a measurement of 90.00 m with a constant measurement error of +0.05 m. (b) Refraction in vertical angle measurement. (c) Misplacing the decimal point of a length of 121.235 km to be 1212.35 km. (d) Misalignment of the vertical and horizontal axes of the total station due to its ageing components. (e) Holding a level rod plumb imprecisely with a slight incline from the perpendicular position. (f) Personal biases of distance with a shorter length by the observer (g) Transposing two recorded angles A and B from 12°15'23" and 16°12'45", respectively to 16°12'45" and 12°15'23", respectively. (h) A plastic tape whose length varies with changes in temperature. (i) Optical distortions causing an erroneous focus on the original position of a target. 0) Ignoring to apply adjustment of measurements associated with weather related conditions.Explanation / Answer
Systematic Error: A consistent repeatable error associated with faulty equipment or flawed experiment design.
Random Error: These errors have no pattern, are unpredictable and usually unavoidable.
(a) EDM with a constant measurement error of 0.05m: This is a systematic error. The source is instrumental.
(b) Refraction in vertical angle measurement: This is random error and source is natural.
(c) Misplacing the decimal point of a length: This error is a blunder and the source is personal.
(d) Misalignment of vertical and horizontal axes due to ageing: This is a random error and the source is instrumental.
(e) Holding a level rod imprecisely with an alignment: This is a blunder and the source is personal.
(f) Personal biases of distance by the observer: This is a systematic error and the source is personal.
(g) Transposing two recorded angles: This is a blunder and the source is personal.
(h) A plastic tape whose length varies with temperature :This is a systematic error because the length is fixed for a particular temperature, so the error is constant at a particular temperature and can be predicted. The source of the error is natural.
(i) Optical distortions causing an erroneous focus on target: This is a systematic error and the source is instrumental because optical distortions occur due to instrument issues.
(j) Ignoring to apply adjustment of measurements: This is a blunder and the source is personal.
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