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Problem # 3, exercise 3.8, page 122 (table B.5, Belle Ayr Liquefaction Runs) Ple

ID: 3043404 • Letter: P

Question

Problem # 3, exercise 3.8, page 122 (table B.5, Belle Ayr Liquefaction Runs) Please use R, All codes must be shown.

The data in Table B.5 present the performance of a chemical process as a function of sever controllable process variables.

a.- Fit a multiple regression model relating CO2 product (y) to total solvent (x6) and hydrogen consumption (x7).

b.- Test for significance of regression. Calculate R^2 and R^2 Adj.

c.- Using t tests determine the contribution of x6 and x7 to the model.

d.- Construct 95% CIs on B6 and B7.

e.- Refit the model using only x6 as the regressor. Test for significance of regression and calculate R^2 and R^2 Adj. Discuss your findings. Based on these statistics, are you satisfied with this model?

f.- Construct a 95% CI on B6 using the model you fit in part e. Compare the length of this CI to the length of the CI in part d. Does this tell you anything important about the contribution of x7 to the model?

g.- Compare the values of MSres obtained for the two models you have fit (parts a and e). How did the MSres change when you removed x7 from the model? Does this tell you anything important about the contribution of x7 to the model?

Table B.5. (Please use R, and show the codes).

y

x1

x2

x3

x4

x5

x6

x7

36.98

5.1

400

51.37

4.24

1484.83

2227.25

2.06

13.74

26.4

400

72.33

30.87

289.94

434.9

1.33

10.08

23.8

400

71.44

33.01

320.79

481.19

0.97

8.53

46.4

400

79.15

44.61

164.76

247.14

0.62

36.42

7

450

80.47

33.84

1097.26

1645.89

0.22

26.59

12.6

450

89.9

41.26

605.06

907.59

0.76

19.07

18.9

450

91.48

41.88

405.37

608.05

1.71

5.96

30.2

450

98.6

70.79

253.7

380.55

3.93

15.52

53.8

450

98.05

66.82

142.27

213.4

1.97

56.61

5.6

400

55.69

8.92

1362.24

2043.36

5.08

26.72

15.1

400

66.29

17.98

507.65

761.48

0.6

20.8

20.3

400

58.94

17.79

377.6

566.4

0.9

6.99

48.4

400

74.74

33.94

158.05

237.08

0.63

45.93

5.8

425

63.71

11.95

130.66

1961.49

2.04

43.09

11.2

425

67.14

14.73

682.59

1023.89

1.57

15.79

27.9

425

77.65

34.49

274.2

411.3

2.38

21.6

5.1

450

67.22

14.48

1496.51

2244.77

0.32

35.19

11.7

450

81.48

29.69

652.43

978.64

0.44

26.14

16.7

450

83.88

26.33

458.42

687.62

8.82

8.6

24.8

450

89.38

37.98

312.25

468.38

0.02

11.63

24.9

450

79.77

25.66

307.08

460.62

1.72

9.59

39.5

450

87.93

22.36

193.61

290.42

1.88

4.42

29

450

79.5

31.52

155.96

233.95

1.43

38.89

5.5

460

72.73

17.86

1392.08

2088.12

1.35

11.19

11.5

450

77.88

25.2

663.09

994.63

1.61

75.62

5.2

470

75.5

8.66

1464.11

2196.17

4.78

36.03

10.6

470

83.15

22.39

720.07

1080.11

5.88

y: CO2

x1: Space time, min.

x2: Temperature, oC

x3: Percent solvation

x4:Oil yield (g/100 g MAF)

x5: Coal total

x6: Solvent total

x7: Hydrogen consumption

y

x1

x2

x3

x4

x5

x6

x7

36.98

5.1

400

51.37

4.24

1484.83

2227.25

2.06

13.74

26.4

400

72.33

30.87

289.94

434.9

1.33

10.08

23.8

400

71.44

33.01

320.79

481.19

0.97

8.53

46.4

400

79.15

44.61

164.76

247.14

0.62

36.42

7

450

80.47

33.84

1097.26

1645.89

0.22

26.59

12.6

450

89.9

41.26

605.06

907.59

0.76

19.07

18.9

450

91.48

41.88

405.37

608.05

1.71

5.96

30.2

450

98.6

70.79

253.7

380.55

3.93

15.52

53.8

450

98.05

66.82

142.27

213.4

1.97

56.61

5.6

400

55.69

8.92

1362.24

2043.36

5.08

26.72

15.1

400

66.29

17.98

507.65

761.48

0.6

20.8

20.3

400

58.94

17.79

377.6

566.4

0.9

6.99

48.4

400

74.74

33.94

158.05

237.08

0.63

45.93

5.8

425

63.71

11.95

130.66

1961.49

2.04

43.09

11.2

425

67.14

14.73

682.59

1023.89

1.57

15.79

27.9

425

77.65

34.49

274.2

411.3

2.38

21.6

5.1

450

67.22

14.48

1496.51

2244.77

0.32

35.19

11.7

450

81.48

29.69

652.43

978.64

0.44

26.14

16.7

450

83.88

26.33

458.42

687.62

8.82

8.6

24.8

450

89.38

37.98

312.25

468.38

0.02

11.63

24.9

450

79.77

25.66

307.08

460.62

1.72

9.59

39.5

450

87.93

22.36

193.61

290.42

1.88

4.42

29

450

79.5

31.52

155.96

233.95

1.43

38.89

5.5

460

72.73

17.86

1392.08

2088.12

1.35

11.19

11.5

450

77.88

25.2

663.09

994.63

1.61

75.62

5.2

470

75.5

8.66

1464.11

2196.17

4.78

36.03

10.6

470

83.15

22.39

720.07

1080.11

5.88

Explanation / Answer

Output after fitting regression using X6 and X7.

Model Summary

Model

R

R Square

Adjusted R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

Change Statistics

R Square Change

F Change

df1

df2

Sig. F Change

1

.836a

.700

.675

9.92437

.700

27.953

2

24

.000

a. Predictors: (Constant), Hydrogen Consumption, Solvent Total

ANOVAb

Model

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

1

Regression

5506.277

2

2753.138

27.953

.000a

Residual

2363.835

24

98.493

Total

7870.112

26

a. Predictors: (Constant), Hydrogen Consumption, Solvent Total

b. Dependent Variable: CO2

Coefficients

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

95.0% Confidence Interval for B

B

Std. Error

Beta

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

1

(Constant)

2.526

3.610

.700

.491

-4.924

9.977

Solvent Total

.019

.003

.762

6.742

.000

.013

.024

Hydrogen Consumption

2.186

.973

.254

2.247

.034

.178

4.193

a. Dependent Variable: CO2

From the table of coefficients one can see that P value of Solvent Total = 0.000 < 0.05 and that of Hydrogen Consumption is 0.034 < 0.05 showing individual variables are also significant. Further 1 Unit of solvent Total cause change in CO2 by 0.019 units whereas 1 unit of Hydrogen Consumption causes change in CO2 by 2.186 units.

95 % CI for Hydrogen Consumption is (0.178, 4.193)

Output after fitting regression using only X6.

Model Summary

Model

R

R Square

Adjusted R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

Change Statistics

R Square Change

F Change

df1

df2

Sig. F Change

1

.798a

.636

.622

10.69799

.636

43.766

1

25

.000

a. Predictors: (Constant), Solvent Total

ANOVAb

Model

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

1

Regression

5008.936

1

5008.936

43.766

.000a

Residual

2861.176

25

114.447

Total

7870.112

26

a. Predictors: (Constant), Solvent Total

b. Dependent Variable: CO2

Coefficients

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

95.0% Confidence Interval for B

B

Std. Error

Beta

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

1

(Constant)

6.144

3.483

1.764

.090

-1.029

13.318

Solvent Total

.019

.003

.798

6.616

.000

.013

.025

a. Dependent Variable: CO2

Thus their ratio = 1.161981, it means that MS residual increases by 16.1981 % when model with single variable is used as compare to that model based on two variable.

Output after fitting regression using X6 and X7.

Model Summary

Model

R

R Square

Adjusted R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

Change Statistics

R Square Change

F Change

df1

df2

Sig. F Change

1

.836a

.700

.675

9.92437

.700

27.953

2

24

.000

a. Predictors: (Constant), Hydrogen Consumption, Solvent Total

ANOVAb

Model

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

1

Regression

5506.277

2

2753.138

27.953

.000a

Residual

2363.835

24

98.493

Total

7870.112

26

a. Predictors: (Constant), Hydrogen Consumption, Solvent Total

b. Dependent Variable: CO2

Coefficients

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

95.0% Confidence Interval for B

B

Std. Error

Beta

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

1

(Constant)

2.526

3.610

.700

.491

-4.924

9.977

Solvent Total

.019

.003

.762

6.742

.000

.013

.024

Hydrogen Consumption

2.186

.973

.254

2.247

.034

.178

4.193

a. Dependent Variable: CO2

  1. From ANOVA table one can read the P-value =0.000 <0.05 indicates that regression is significant, means Solvent Total and Hydrogen Consumption can be used to predict CO2.
  2. Contribution of Hydrogen Consumption, Solvent Total.

From the table of coefficients one can see that P value of Solvent Total = 0.000 < 0.05 and that of Hydrogen Consumption is 0.034 < 0.05 showing individual variables are also significant. Further 1 Unit of solvent Total cause change in CO2 by 0.019 units whereas 1 unit of Hydrogen Consumption causes change in CO2 by 2.186 units.

  1. 95 % CI for Solvent Total is (0.013, 0.024) with length = 0.024 – 0.013 = 0.011

95 % CI for Hydrogen Consumption is (0.178, 4.193)

  1. R2 =0.700 and Adjusted R2 = 0.675

Output after fitting regression using only X6.

Model Summary

Model

R

R Square

Adjusted R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

Change Statistics

R Square Change

F Change

df1

df2

Sig. F Change

1

.798a

.636

.622

10.69799

.636

43.766

1

25

.000

a. Predictors: (Constant), Solvent Total

ANOVAb

Model

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

1

Regression

5008.936

1

5008.936

43.766

.000a

Residual

2861.176

25

114.447

Total

7870.112

26

a. Predictors: (Constant), Solvent Total

b. Dependent Variable: CO2

Coefficients

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

95.0% Confidence Interval for B

B

Std. Error

Beta

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

1

(Constant)

6.144

3.483

1.764

.090

-1.029

13.318

Solvent Total

.019

.003

.798

6.616

.000

.013

.025

a. Dependent Variable: CO2

  1. From table of ANOVA one can see that P-value =0.000 < 0.05 showing that regression is significant.
  2. R2 = 0.636 Adjusted R2 = 0.622
  3. On comparing regression with Solvent Total and Hydrogen Consumption with that with Solvent Total only we conclude that effect of Solvent Total in both model is same. There is no much difference in either R2 and Adjusted R2 , it means that model with single variable is also sufficient.
  4. 95 % CI for Solvent Total is (0.013, 0.025) with length = 0.025 – 0.013 = 0.012
  5. From point 3 and 8 it is seen that length of CI for Solvent Total is almost same.
  6. MS Residual for two variable model = 98.493 and MS Residual for one variable model = 114.447.

Thus their ratio = 1.161981, it means that MS residual increases by 16.1981 % when model with single variable is used as compare to that model based on two variable.

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