Antimicrobials and their action. Antimicrobial agent Infectious agent General ta

Question

Antimicrobials and their action.

Antimicrobial agent

Infectious agent

General target and outcome    

Side effects to host

Sulfonamides

Nystatin and Amphoteracyn B

Chloramphenicol

Vancomycin

Bendazoles

Tetracycline

Penicillins and Cephalosporins

Griseofulvin

Flouroquinolines

Quinines

Streptomycin

Acyclovir

Antimicrobial agent

Infectious agent

General target and outcome    

Side effects to host

Sulfonamides

Nystatin and Amphoteracyn B

Chloramphenicol

Vancomycin

Bendazoles

Tetracycline

Penicillins and Cephalosporins

Griseofulvin

Flouroquinolines

Quinines

Streptomycin

Acyclovir

Explanation / Answer

Antimocrobials and their action

Antimicrobial

Agent

Infectious

Agent

General target and outcome

Side effects

to host

Act as competitive inhibitor of enzyme dihydropteroate synthase(DHPPS),enzyme involved in folate synthesis.

Headache, Dizziness, Diarrhea,Tiredness, Nausea,vomiting,Pale yellow skin,Joint pain.

Vancomycin

Bendazoles

Bacteria

Worms(helminths)

Vancomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis in gram positive bacteria.

Bendazoles inhibits tubulin polymerization,results in loss of cytoplasmic microtubles, impaires glucose uptake and ultimately lead to death of worms.

Low blood presure, Indigestion,itching, dizziness, red man syndrome

Skin rashes, diarrhea, abdominal pain etc

Inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria mainly it inhibits enzyme transpeptidase,which responsible for cross linkange of peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis.

Itching, rashes, swelling of throat.

Pain,diarrohea, hypersensitivity,bleeding etc

Antimicrobial

Agent

Infectious

Agent

General target and outcome

Side effects

to host

Sulfonamides Bacteria

Act as competitive inhibitor of enzyme dihydropteroate synthase(DHPPS),enzyme involved in folate synthesis.

Headache, Dizziness, Diarrhea,Tiredness, Nausea,vomiting,Pale yellow skin,Joint pain.

Nystatin and Amphoteracyn B Fungus Specifically bind to ergosterol in the fungal plasma membrane and increases cell membrane permiabilityand leading to death of fungus. High fever, hypotension, vomiting, headache, tachypnea,drowsiness Chloramphenicol Bacteria Inhibit protein synthesis specifically chain elongation.Inhibits peptidyl transfarase activity of ribosome. Aplastic anemia, bone marrow suppression,leukemia,gray baby syndrome, headache

Vancomycin

Bendazoles

Bacteria

Worms(helminths)

Vancomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis in gram positive bacteria.

Bendazoles inhibits tubulin polymerization,results in loss of cytoplasmic microtubles, impaires glucose uptake and ultimately lead to death of worms.

Low blood presure, Indigestion,itching, dizziness, red man syndrome

Skin rashes, diarrhea, abdominal pain etc

Tetracycline Bacteria Inhibits protein synthesis specifically inhibts attachment of charged amino acyl t-RNA at A site on ribosome. vomiting diarrhea,rashes, loss of appetite. Penicillins and Cephalosporins Bacteria

Inhibits cell wall synthesis in bacteria mainly it inhibits enzyme transpeptidase,which responsible for cross linkange of peptidoglycan during cell wall synthesis.

Itching, rashes, swelling of throat.

Pain,diarrohea, hypersensitivity,bleeding etc

Griseofulvin Fungus Binds to tubulin, interefare with microtubule function,thus inhibits mitosis. Fever,swelling of tongue, lack of appetite, vomiting, dizziness etc. Flouroquinolines Bacteria Inhibitor of DNA synthesis, specifically DNA gyrase. Nausea, vomiting, insomnia headache, rashes, urticaria etc. Quinines Protozoa (Plasmodium falciparum) Inhibit of formation of beta haematin which is toxic product of digestion of haemoglobin by parasite. Headache, ringing in the ear, sweating, irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, low platelet count etc. Streptomycin Bacteria Inhibts protein synthesis,specifically inhibts binding of formyl-methionyl t-RNA to 30S subunit of ribosome. Tinnitus, ataxia, vertigo,vomiting, fever, rash etc Acyclovir Virus Inhibits viral DNA synthesis.Competitively inhibits and inactivates HSV-specified Dna polymerase, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, rash etc.

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