1. True or false: If an observed effect is \"small\" relative to chance variatio

Question

1.True or false: If an observed effect is "small" relative to chance variation, then, the probability of getting a difference as big or bigger than the observed effect will also be "small" (i.e., less than 0.05).

2.True or false: An observed effect that would rarely happen if the claim about the parameter value were correct is good evidence that the claim is not correct.

3.Hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to body tissues. People with less than 12 grams of hemoglobin per deciliter of blood (g/dl) are anemic. A public health official in Jordan suspects that the mean hemoglobin level for all Jordanian children is less than 12 grams. His research question is, "Is the mean hemoglobin level for all children in Jordan less than 12 grams?" He takes a random sample of 50 children to test his suspicion. Testing the claim that the mean = 12, he finds that the observed effect is very large (in absolute value) and has a very small probability. Can he conclude that the mean hemoglobin of all Jordanian children is less than 12 grams?

Explanation / Answer

1. FALSE. It is probable that you can get a larger difference.

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2. TRUE.

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3. YES, because the effect is large with small probability.

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