27. How are viroids transmitted? 28. Prokaryotes living in the occan around volc
ID: 300404 • Letter: 2
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27. How are viroids transmitted? 28. Prokaryotes living in the occan around volcanic vents use the volcanic gasses carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (125) to fuel their metabolism. They are 29. A microbe that does not have catalase or superoxide dismutase would find it difficult to live in an environment with carbon dioxide. T or F 30. A microbe that grows evenly throughout a tube of thioglycollate medium is probably ain) 31. At temperatures higher than the maximum growth temperature for an organism 32. You open a jar that has been in the refrigerator for a couple of weeks and find the contents do not look or smell right. What type of microbe has refrigerator? been growing in your 33. Bacteria living in biofilms changes the genes they are expressing in response to 34. Metabolic activity is at a maximum level in the phase of growth. 35. Some obligately anacrobic, archaca are used in sewage treatment, and produce a fuel that can be used to produce electricity 36. The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called 37. Which of the following microbes would find hypotonic conditions most detrimental?Explanation / Answer
27.Viroids are small pathogen with naked,single stranded circular RNA molecule.It is also known as parasite of their host transcriptional machinary.
Viroids are transmitted by mechanical method,vegetative propagation and also through infected seeds and pollens.
After mechanical damage firstly viroids infects the epidermis of plant and start replication and after complition of replication it moves to neighbouring cell via plasmodesmata.Then reaching to vascular tissue and all plant tissue.Viroid enter pollen, ovule and transmitted to seeds.When this seed germinated,the plant become infected.
28.Chemoautotrophs uses inorganic energy sources such as H2S, to synthesize organic compound from CO2.They are able to survive in very harsh condition such as deep sea vents.
29.False.
Microbes that does not have catalase and superoxide dismutase would find it difficult to live in an envirnment with oxygen because these enzymes decreases the formation of free oxygen radicals.
Antoxidant enzyme catalse convert H2O2 into H20 and oxygen.Superoxide dismutase neutralizes superoxide(O2-) to H2O2 and O2.
30.Aerotolarant anaerobes:They do not oxygen but can tolerate so growth is throughout a tube of thioglycollate medium. Obligate aerobes require oxygen so growth is at the top of tube.
Obligate anaerobes do not reauired oxygen so they are at the bottom of tube.
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