1.A)How does the packaging of bacterial DNA differ from that of eukaryotic DNA?
ID: 300356 • Letter: 1
Question
1.A)How does the packaging of bacterial DNA differ from that of eukaryotic DNA? Why does it differ?
B) How does the packing of eukaryotic DNA differ in interphase and metaphase? Is this difference related to the different roles of DNA in interphase and metaphase?
C) Illustrate the structure of the nucleus and its envelope.
D) How are macromolecules transported across the nuclear envelope? Describe the structure that regulates nuclear membrane permeability.
E)Describe the appearance, location, and function of the nucleolus.
Explanation / Answer
1A). Gene is the physical unit of heredity that transmits information from one cell to another and thereby one generation to another. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double helical structure; it contains the organism’s genetic information in the genes which lie along the structure of DNA.
Viruses and bacteria are the prokaryotes, while the mitochondria and the chloroplasts are derived from the prokaryotic bacteria. Hence all these share similarities in the arrangement of DNA and all of them contain the circular DNA (closed loops) without the associated proteins.
The genetic material in the viruses can either be DNA or RNA. The DNA can either be single stranded or double stranded. In contrast, the DNA in bacteria and eukaryotes is always double stranded.
In contrast to viruses and bacteria, eukaryotes contain large quantity of linear DNA that is organized into nucleosomes and appear as chromatin fibers during the cell division. The large DNA of eukaryotes contain repetitive DNA and also the genes that are not transcribed at all (non-coding genes).
B). The DNA is present as condensed during the metaphase but it is uncoiled during the interphase. Yes, the different packing of DNA is associated with its different roles in interphase and metaphase. Protein synthesis occurs throughout the interphase, which need the uncoiling of DNA. Metaphase is a phase of DNA, during which the DNA is distributed into two cells in in condensed form.
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