Match the features of metabolic pathways in Column A with the best statement in

Question

Match the features of metabolic pathways in Column A with the best statement in Column B.     (10 marks)

Column A Column B a. Ketone bodies ______ catabolism of alanine and threonine to form pyruvate b. Glucogenic amino acids ______ provides activated glucosyl compound to form glycogen c. Acetyl CoA ______ a series of reactions that convert even numbered carbons of fatty acids to acetyl CoA d. Pyruvate ______ high energy compound that is formed from pyruvate derived from carbohydrates e. UDP-glucose ______ the transfer of amino groups of glutamate to oxaloacetate to form -ketoglutarate and aspartate f. FADH2 ______ formation of acetoacetate from AcCoA following fatty acid oxidation g. -oxidation ______ oxidized by CoQ to provide electrons for the electron transport chain h. oxidative deamination ______ formed as a result of oxidation of glucose i. transamination ______ formation of -ketoglutaric acid and NH4+ from glutamate in the presence of glutamate dehydrogenase j. chemiosmotic theory ______ formation of electrochemical proton gradient across a mitochondrial membrane following conservation of energy transfer of protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space

Explanation / Answer

Answer :

a) Ketone bodies- formation of acetoacetate from AcCoA following fatty acid oxidation

(Ketone bodies are produced by the liver and used peripherally as an energy source when glucose is not readily available, for example- acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutarate)

b) Glucogenic aminoacids- the transfer of amino groups of glutamate to oxaloacetate to form -ketoglutarate and aspartate

(Glucogenic Amino acids are the aminoacid which catabolism yields to the formation of Pyruvate or Krebs Cycle metabolites)

c) Acetyl CoA- oxidized by CoQ to provide electrons for the electron transport chain

d) Pyruvate- formed as a result of oxidation of glucose

e) UDP-Glucose- provides activated glucosyl compound to form glycogen

(Energy for glycogen synthesis comes from uridine triphosphate (UTP), which reacts with glucose-1-phosphate, forming UDP-glucose)

f) FADH2- high energy compound that is formed from pyruvate derived from carbohydrates

(NADH and FADH2 are high energy molecule formed in Krebs cycle)

g) Beta- Oxydation- A series of reaction that converts even numbered carbons of fatty acids to acetyl CoA

(The beta oxidation of fatty acids occurs by the removal of two carbons at a time)

h) Oxidative Deamination- formation of alpha-keto glutaric acid and NH4+ from glutamate in the presence of glutamate dehydrogenase

( Glutamate dehydrogenase is located in mitochondria, this enzyme required for the production of urea)

i) Transamination- Catabolism of alanine and threonine to form pyruvate

(Transamination reaction permits synthesis of non-essential amino acids, using amino groups derived from other amino acids and carbon skeletons synthesized in the cell)

j) Chemiosmotic Theory- formation of electrochemical proton gradient across a mitochondrial membrane following conservation of energy transfer of protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space

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