The limited supply of fossil hydrocarbon resources and the negative impact of CO

Question

The limited supply of fossil hydrocarbon resources and the negative impact of CO2 emissions on the global environment dictate the increasing usage of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy conversion technologies are used to convert this source of energy into a more useful form. Evaluating the technical and economic bases for choosing one renewable technology over another can be a complex process, especially for individuals unacquainted with these technologies. Prepare a paper for submission to the Journal of 'Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews entitled "Hydro-energy: a review of the technology for power generation". Use schematic diagrams generously and compare the salient features of each conversion technology in tabular format for case of reading.

Explanation / Answer

Renewable Energy Technologies :

1)Wind energy technology

2)Solar energy technology

3)Bio Energy technology

4)Hydro energy technology

5)Geo thermal technology

  Hydro - Energy Technology for power Generation

Hydro power is the extraction of energy from falling water from higher altitude to the lower altitude when it passes through an energy conversion device like water turbine.Water turbine converts the water enrgy into mechanical energy.This mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy with the help of generator.

While a suitable device is inserted into the river , then hydropower can be extracted from river currents.It has low environmental impact

Applications : 1)Residential and industrial electricity

2)Lighting

3)Low - medium voltage electric needs

4)Supplementing mains supply.

Types of renewable energy technologies :

1) Cost of renewable energy technologies :

Min to avg range of electricity generation:

Wind energy technology :

Applications : 1)Water pumping

2)Irrigation pumping

3)Milling grain

2)Solar energy technology :

Applications : 1) Navigation aids

2)Commercial system

3)Waterheating

4) Cooking

3)Bio gas technology :

Applications : 1)cooking

2) lighting

3)Some rural cooking fuel liquid biofuel

4)Geothermal technology :

Applications :

1)Grid electricity

2)Large scale heating.

Strengths Weaknesses 1)Technology is simple Very site specific technology should be close to the rivers or water for generation life time is about 30 years Drought and floods changes in local watercan affect power output Automatic generation with low maintenance High capital investments costs No fuel required During dry season the power output decreases or even becomes zero

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