apter 57 - Dynamics of Ecosystems Know the four biogeochemical cycles we reviewe
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apter 57 - Dynamics of Ecosystems Know the four biogeochemical cycles we reviewed: Carbon, Water, Phosphorus and Nitrogen Understand how energy flows through ecosystems. Trophic scales and how they are important to how communities are structured. How do we measure productivity and what are the differences between ecosystems? Why are there differences? 1. 2. 3. Understand how trophic-level interact. What is a trophic cascade? 4. Why are more diverse systems generally more stable? hapter 58 - The Biosphere 1. Understand and explain how the position of the Earth and it's yearly rotation around the Sun influences life on Earth. 2. Understand basic ways in which wind and ocean circulation patterns work and how they are important to the distribution of life on Earth. 3. Review the biomes. Why are biomes located where they are located? 4. Review both freshwater and marine habitatsExplanation / Answer
chapter-57-dynamics of ecosystem-
1) the atmosphere is consist of four main biochemical cycle which are namely described as water cyle, carbon cycle, phosphorous cycle and the nitrogen cycle. so we will describe all these one by one.
carbon cycle- the carbon cycle is the biochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged or transform among the biosphere gasoesphere, hydrosprere and the atmosphere of the earth. carbon is the main compound of the biological component as well as it is also a major component of the various minerals. carbon cycle is consist of various types of the sequencial event which make the sustainability of the life on the earth.
water cycle- a water cycle can be defined as it is the cycle of transformation of the water througout it different forms. the water cycle also known as the hydrological cycle, describe the contineous movement of the water on,above and the below the surface of the earth. the mass of the water on the earth remain the constant but the fact is that only it change it forms from one to another. the water cycle is consist of the varoius processes like evaporation, condensation, precipitation,sublimation, filteration. the process is happened in a specific sequence as first evaporate by the heat of sun, then the vapour form cloud, these get condensed and precipitate in the form of rain, this rain fill the water table below the earth surface, make filling of water bodies and then again get evaporate by sun thus completing the cycle.
nitrogen cycle-the nitrogen cycle is the biochemocal cycle by virtue of which nitrogen is converted into multiple forms from the one to another.during the cycle formation of the nitrogen it circukates among the various ecosystem present in the atmosphere of the earth. the conversion of the nitrogen is possible both by biological as well as physical process. the cycle consist of fixation, ammonification, nitrations and the denitrations. the earth atmosphere consist of 78% of nitrogen which is a large source of this.
phosphorous cycle- it is a biochemical cycle which describe the movement of the phosphorous from the various levels of the earth like lithosphere, biosphere, atmosphere and the hydrosphere. in the atmosphere the movement of the phosphorous is not possible to large extent fdue to its solid phase in the case of the temperature.
2) in the ecological standard, an energy flow can be defined as it is the calorific flow by the means of the food chain. in the food chain the one level is depend upon the other level of the chain and consumed that level to siethesize the energy and thus energy can be flow. the food chain is like at the first level it is sun=>plant=>grasshoper=>frog=>snake=>eagle. in this way the energy from the sun is flow to the eagle. they are very much as they maintain the flow of the energy from one to another level and thus maintain the balance of the ecological cycle of the life on the planet earth.
3) a trophic level can be defined as the it is the varoius level included in the food chain and by joining them together we get a food chain. in the ecological food chain system the sun act as a food chain trophic level at the primary stage as the level 1 and the other are number as level 2,3,4 etc.
trophic cascade- it is the powerful indirect interection that can control the entire ecosystem, occuring when the predator in the food web suppress the abondoned or alter the behavious of their prey therefore releasing the next lower level of the trophic.
4) the diverse system is having the more divergence towards the ecological cycle and the processes. if the divergence is more the diversity will get a huge exposure foe the sustainabilty of different energy levels and due to which is it possible that they will sustain by providing it in a more stable conditions.
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chapter 58- the biosphere
1) the rotation and the revolution of the earth make it possible to create the day and the night. first if we take the case of the rotaion of the earth then we can say that due to rotation of the earth the day and the night occurs, this create the temperature difference and make the air blow from high pressure to low pressure , during this the species get the more efficient sustainabilty of the life. now if we take the yearly revolution of the earth then it is the main reason for the seasional changes occurs on the earth. this seasonal changes is the main source of cultivation and the agriculture on the earth. this make the life and maintain the sustainabilty on earth.
2) the wind and ocean circulation work on the priciple of pressure and the temperature differences. the ocean circuation is depend on the wind so we have to understand the wind circulation. the circulation of the wind is cause by the temperature difference which is cause by the sun. as the region with high temperature will have the low pressure and the region with low temperature have the high pressure. now wind blow from high to low presure region and thus make it to flow in a circulation pattern as well.
3) a biome can be defined as it is the community of the plant and the animals that have the common characteristics for the environement they exist in. they can be found over a range of the continent. biomes are the distinct biological communities that are formed in the shared response of the physical climate.biomes can be taken as it is the composition of the various habitats in a different locations and thats why they are location wise habitats.
4) freshwater habitat- it can be defined as it is the habitat system of the earth ecosystem which include the life present in the pond, lakes rivers and stream.the fresh water habitat is of two types that it habitat in the static water and the habitat in the running water.
marine habitat-the habitat which is formed in the salt water like sea are known as the marine habitat. the creature of the marine water are depend upon the salt content of the water.this habitat are include those which support the marine life.
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