1. The name for the point on the Earth\'s surface above the point of an earthqua
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1. The name for the point on the Earth's surface above the point of an earthquake initial rupture is the 2. The arm of a rift system that fails to open as drift begins is called 3. The geochronology system used for late stage uplift studies is 4. If heat production in the crust is zero, then the geothermal gradient will be approximately 5. A system for generating seismic waves for surveys based on vibrating trucks is called 6. A wave that passes through the mantle as an S-wave, through the outer core as a P-wave, and back through the mantle as an P-wave is labelledK 7.The Mohorovicic was discovered using a seismic survey. 8. The corrections, in gravity surveys, for height are the and corrections. 9. Of the waves produced by an earthquake, the most damaging areExplanation / Answer
1) focus ........ The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. The epicenter is the point directly above it at the surface of the Earth. Also commonly termed the focus.
2) rift valley Failed rifts are the result of continental rifting that failed to continue to the point of break-up. Typically the transition from rifting to spreading develops at a triple junction where three converging rifts meet over a hotspot. Two of these evolve to the point of seafloor spreading, while the third ultimately fails, becoming an aulacogen.
3) the dynamic earth (continental theory)
4)the temperature and thermal processes in the earth. The average temperature at the earth's surface varies between roughly 0°C and –40°C in the region of the North Pole, roughly –10°C and –50°C in the region of the South Pole, and is about 26°C throughout the year in the equatorial belt. The mean temperature at the earth's surface is about 15°C with average variations of about 2°C during the year. The temperature at a given point at the earth's surface depends mainly on the radiation from the sun that reaches it and the angle with the surface at which the radiation arrives. Other quantities involved include the radiation back towards the sky and the heat exchange by air currents. The average solar heat flow reaching the ground in the continents is of magnitude of 10–2 cal/cm2sec. Consequently, the heat flow from the earth's interior of magnitude 10–6 cal/cm2 sec is negligible in comparison. The temperature of ocean bottoms is controlled by the local temperature of the water, which in deep oceans is near 0°C. In continents, thermal gradients have been determined by measuring the temperature at various depths in many boreholes
5)seismic vibroseis trucks or buggies ..A seismic vibrator transforms the energy provided by a diesel engine into a vibration. It is performed by a shaker, a movable element that generates the vibration thanks to a piston-reaction mass device driven by an electrohydraulic servo valve. The shaker is applied to the ground for each vibration, then raised up so that the seismic vibrator can move to another vibrating point.
6) an S wave as ScS ... P wave as PKP ..refraction it emerges beyond refraction seismic profile parallel to the strike of the Swiss Alps. The seismograms from adjacent stations have been modified to show reduced travel
Distance from shot-point, x (km) PkP the shadow zone and is called a PKP wave (the letter K stands for Kern, the German word for core). An S-wave incident at the same point has a lower mantle velocity of about 7 km per sec. Part of the incident energy is converted to a P-wave in the outer core, which has a higher velocity of 8 km per sec
7) seismic refraction survey .its used shallow investigations
8) Terrain correction and Elevation corrections
9) Rayleigh waves.. most damaging earth quakes waves ..Although surface waves travel more slowly than S-waves, they can be much larger in amplitude and can be the most destructive type of seismic wave. There are two basic kinds of surface waves: Rayleigh waves, also called ground roll, travel as ripples similar to those on the surface of water
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