4. Define refraction, and explain why light is refracted when traveling through

Question

4. Define refraction, and explain why light is refracted when traveling through minerals Your answer should include the equation for frequency. (4) 5. The following information for the mineral rutile is known na 2.605 ne 2.899 Draw the principal section of rutile's indicatrix. Label the crystallographic axes and vibration directions of the ray(s) observed in this orientation. (4) a. b. Is rutile optically positive or negative? How did you determine this? (2) c. What would the birefringence be for rutile in this orientation? (2)

Explanation / Answer

Ans 4) Refraction is the phenomenon in which a light ray changes its trajectory when it passes from one medium to another of different densities. The speed of light changes when it travels from one medium to another of different densities.When light travels from less dense medium to more dense medium its speed , decreases and when it travels from more dense to less dense medium , speed increases.

Light gets refracted while travelling through minerals because of change in density of different minerals. Also with change in density , wavelength also changes ;

f = c / ?

i.e. frequency = wave speed /wavelength

wave speed = frequency * wavelength;

so if wavelength changes , wave speed changes

change in wavelength result in change in wave speed , resulting in the phenomenon of rerfraction.

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