Marshak & Rauber Chapter 1 - Question10: What is the poportion of land area to s
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Marshak & Rauber Chapter 1 - Question10: What is the poportion of land area to sea area on Earth?
Chapter 3 - Question 1: What is a mineral, as geologists understand the term?
Chapter 3 - Question 9: What is a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron?
Chapter 4 - Question 7: What is the difference between a sill and a dike?
Chapter 4 - Question 15: Describe the differene among shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, and cinder cones.
Earth Science Geology 1150 Due 29 January Homework Assignment I Advice: Put the answers in your own words; just copying sentences out of the book is plagiarism. What's more, it is not an effective way to learn. Thinking about how to rewrite the ideas is a helpful tool for learning. Write all answers on a separate page or pages. Prelude and Chapter 1 P.1 List Earth's three or four non-living spheres. 1.1 Marshak & Rauber Chapter I Q10 (Only the first question). plus: How much of the world's water is salty? Chapter 3 3.I Marshak & Rauber Chapter 3 Q1 (only the first question). 3.2 Why is color not always a useful property in mineral identification? Give an example of a mineral that supports your answer. 3.3 If you found a glassy mineral while rock hunting and had hopes it was a diamond, what simple test might help you make a determination? 3.4 Gold has a specific gravity of almost 20. If a five-gallon pail of water weighs about 40 pounds, how much would a five-gallon pail of gold weigh? You must explain how you got your answer to get full credit 3.5 Marshak & Rauber Chapter 3 Q9 (only the first question) 3.6 Explain whether or not ice can be a mineral. Chapter 4 4.1 What is magma? How does magma differ from lava? 4.2 What does a porphyritic texture tell us about the history of an igneous rock? 4.3 How are granite and rhyolite different? In what way are they similar? 4.4 Describe pahochoe and aa lava flows 4.5 Marshak &Rauber; Chapter 4 Question 7 (only the first question). 46 Marshak & Rauber Chapter 4 Question 15 (only the first question). I don't regard frozen water as separate from liquid water, but the textbook authors do.Explanation / Answer
1 - What is the poportion of land area to sea area on Earth? - 71% water and 29% earth ( Earth's water is comprised of Ocean, Water in Air , water in frozen the form of Ice caps amd Glaciers , underground water and water in ponds , rivers and lakes
2 - What is a mineral, as geologists understand the term - as per geologists - Minerals are solids formed through geological processes which has a crystalline structure and a chemical composition which can be defined , ( geologosts does not consider the factory made synthetics as real minerals)
3- What is a silicon-oxygen tetrahedron - is the SiO(4) anionic Group, or a silicon atom in the middle and 4 atoms of oxygen surrounding it in the corners of a defined tetrahedron. this is also the fundamental component of maximum silicates of the Earth crust. ( Tetrahedron is a triangular pyramid composed of 4 triangle faces , six straight edges and 4 vertex corners )
4- What is the difference between a sill and a dike- dykes and sills are both formed as an intrusion which is a mass of igneous/ Volcanic rocks that have forcibly penetrated in the layers . following are the differences between Sill and Dykes
4.1 - Dykes are Igneous rocks that forcibly enter in vertical positions whereas sills are igneous rocks that enters horizontally in another rock
4.2 - dykes and sills both form due to enoromous pressure at one point of origin, dykes are formed beneath the point of origin of a originating dike where as sills are formed either on the left or right side of dikes.
4.3 - dikes are discordant intrusions whereas sills are concordant intrusions
4.4 - dikes are distinguished easily as the inturions happens between bedding planes and rocks whereas sills are harder to find as they are parallel to the planes and rocks
5- Describe the differene among shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, and cinder cones.
5.1 - Shield volcanoes have an upward convex slope , usually having an almost flat top , they are mainnly composed of lava flows in their central vent and to all the adjoining vents . Strato volcanoes have an upward concave clope and a small crater , they are mainly composed of alternate layers of pyroclastic lava and hard lava. Cinder cones have steep and straight sides and a single larger summit crater , they are majorly composed of tephra
5.2 - Shield Volcanoes - have non explosive lava flows which smoothly travels long distances along the sides of the volcanoes. Strato volcanoes - have highly explosive erruptions with highly pressurized thick gas and very heavy lava flow , these are called plinian erruptions with pyroclastic flows . Cinder cone volcanoes - have erruptions in the shape of lava fountains , but the gas within these erruptions explodes and turn the lava flow into lava bombs which fall around the vent , these erruptions are known as strombolian erruptions .
5.3 - Shield Volcanoes - are broad shared and can be 20 times wider as compared to their height , these volcanoes are massive in terms of shape and size . Strato Volcanoes - are high rising volcanoes and often having a height of more than 10000 feet. Cinder Volcanoes - are small hardly exceeding 1000 feet height .
5.4 - Shield Volcanoes - have basalt lava composition of which is hot lava with high fluidity and lower in Gas content , these volcanoes have high magma content with frequest erruptions . Strato Volcanoes - have rhyolitic and diaitic lava , lava composiiton is cool and thicker thus becoming the reason for higher Gas content , these vocanoes hav less magma supply leading to infrequesnt erruptions. Cinder volcanoes - have hybrid lava composiiton , usually basalt but also has alot of charged up gas , they have limited Magma supply and srrupt only once in their lifetime
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