The climographs in Question 1 also show an increase in precipitation as latitude

Question

The climographs in Question 1 also show an increase in precipitation as latitude decreases. While localized factors can cause this observation to be more complicated, why is it logical to assume that globally on average, precipitation should decrease with latitude? The figure below from NASA shows global mean surface temperatures, large volcanic eruptions, and an index of EI Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Ignoring the few years following each large volcanic eruption, provide evidence that ENSO can influence global mean temperatures Now look at the few years following each volcanic eruption in the figure above. What happens to global mean temperature record during those few years after those events? Why would volcanoes have this impact?

Explanation / Answer

5)The El Niño is the warm phase of ENSO and is associated with a band of ocean water that develops in the central and east central equatorial Pacific.The cool phase of ENSO is called La nina. The ENSO cycle,both el Niño and la Nina ,causes both changes in global temperature and rainfall.The effect of el Niño is evidenced from the above plot from the fact that even after many years after a major volcanic eruption,the global temperature abruptly increases and decreases.

6) Volcanic activities produce large quantities of gases like SO2 and CO2 along with dust and ash.The ash and SO2 gas have a cooling effect,whereas gases like CO2 have a warming effect owing to greenhouse effect.The CO2 gas produced by volcanic activities annually is far less than that produced by anthropogenic activities,hence the major effect caused by the volcanic activity is global cooling as a result of blocking of sunlight by ash and dust.

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