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1.Stegosaurus is shown with the tail spikes facing outwards. Many past reconstru

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Question

1.Stegosaurus is shown with the tail spikes facing outwards. Many past reconstructions have incorrectly shown the tail spikes facing upwards. Why does it make more sense for the spikes to be facing outwards rather than upward?

2. List 3 adaptations that ankylosaurs had to defend themselves against attack by a predator?

3. no eggs or nests of stegosaurs or Ankylosaurs have ever been discovered.

a. suggest an environment reason for why no eggs or nests have been found:?

b. Suggest a biological reason for why no eggs or nests have been found: ?

4. Ceratopsians skeletons are often found with healed frills and rib fractures. Speculate as to the original cause of these injuries.?

5. Pachycephalosaurs butted heads in a manner similar to modern bighorn sheep. Caculation of the amount of force generated by two Pachycephalosaurs colliding head on reveal the amount of force of the collision to be 150,000 N/m2.

  A. How much force would this be in lbs/in2 ?

B. Based on your answer to a, do you think Pachycephalosaurs actually butted heads? For Comparison's sake, the force generated by a bat hitting a baseball is about 0.75 lbs/in2.

C. Another theory is that male Pachycephalosaurs may have butted the flanks of other males as opposed to "knocking heads" . How could you test this hypothesis??

Explanation / Answer

answer- 1- stegosaurus was large herbivorous dinosaur. He has herbivorous quadrupeds, 17 broad bony plates from the from its mouth upto back. there is presence of 4 long spine in its tail. he also had long hind limbs and short forelimbs. the bony plate on the body of the Stegosaurus is display and thermoregulatory function. the spine present at the end of tail expends horizontally. the presence of these outward projected spikes in the flexible tail of the stegosaurus were used for defence from the predators. these spine prtoect them from the attack of enemy.

answer 2 - the 3 adaptation of Ankylosaurus which defend themselves against the attacks of predators

1- presence of hard plate on the body which protect them from the fomidable predators, these plates also can used as weapons against predators

2- presence of row of spikes in the body provide the protect against predators

3- presence of small horn for powerful defence array.

4- these presence of bone in the tail and the tip of the tail is used as weapons against predators

answer 3 - the environmental reson for the no egg and no nest is

the shell of the dinosaurs were destroyed by the weathering process. extreme cold weather condition (gondwana glaciation). is also another reason for the destruction and nest of the stegosaurus and akylosaurus. In the triassic period incresed rainfall and marine refression is also another reason for the destruction of nest of dinosaurus where there egg were preserved. In such freezing condition the nest and eggs of the dinosaurs didnt survive.

the egg and nest of these dinosaurs are destryed by the attack of predators. because large number of predators any carnivorous dinosaurus which had eat the egg and destroyed the nests of these herbivores dinosaurus.

answer- 4- ceratopsians skeletons are found healed frils and rib fracture. these injuries are caused by the attack of predators on these herbivorous dinosaurus. Ceratopsians are characterized by the presence of heavily skull. there is presence of rosral bone in the upper jaws and predentary bone in lower jaw. these are herbivorous dinosaurs. the attack of the predators on the ceratopsians.