1.Show that the following grammars are ambiguous 8 - S->aS |Sa| E E->E +E E*E id

Question

1.Show that the following grammars are ambiguous 8 - S->aS |Sa| E E->E +E E*E id (Note: To show grammar is ambiguous, take shortest string/sentence which has more than one parse tree and draw only two parse tree) 2.Calculate follow and first of following grammars 10 (a) S->xyz/aBC B->c/cd C->eg/df (b) S->ABCDE A->a/e C->C D->d/e E->e/e (when you calculate follow(A),it will have b as first of B contains b ,when you put b as be empty check note so again you have to check the following symbol) the beta will not (c) S->Bb/Cd (d) S->AB/C A->D/a/e C->E (e) S->ASB/d A->a B->AB/b/e

Explanation / Answer

Hey,

Since you have asked multiple questions, I am gonna answer only one of them (The fourth one). For other questions, please ask seperately.

Ans4)

Readability: This refers to the ease with which programs (in the language under consideration) can be understood. This is especially important for software maintenance.

One can write a hard-to-understand program in any language, of course (e.g., by using non-descriptive variable/subprogram names, by failing to format code acccording to accepted conventions, by omitting comments, etc.), but a language's characteristics can make it easier, or more difficult, to write easy-to-read programs.

Factors affecting readability :

1) Simplicity : The language must be simple to understand with the required constructs.

2) Orthogonality : meaning the property of being independent (relative to something else)

3) Data Types : Adequate facilities for defining data types and structures aids readability.

4) Syntax Design

Writability: This is a measure of how easily a language can be used to develop programs for a chosen problem domain.

Factors affecting writability :

1) Simplicity and Orthogonality : Sebesta favors a relatively small number of primitive constructs (simplicity) and a consistent set of rules for combining them (orthogonality).

2) Support for Abstraction : This allows the programmer to define and use complicated structures/operations in ways that allow implementation details to be ignored. This is a key concept in modern language design.

3) Expressivity : This is enhanced by the presence of powerful operators that make it possible to accomplish a lot in a few lines of code.

Hope it helps!

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