1. The following graph depicts the results after injection with a subunit vaccin
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Question
1. The following graph depicts the results after injection with a subunit vaccine and the second peak indicates a booster dose with the same vaccine. Interpret the graph and answer the following questions a) dose after the injection of the vaccine? (1 mark) b) challenge, interpret the graph in terms of clearance of the pathogen and development of immunologic memory. (2 marks) Period I Period II What is the requirement of the booster If the second peak is for a pathogern Peak If the pathogen was injected in the Antigen Injected jawless fish and lampreys following a vaccination event, determine the trend of the graph for these animals. (1 mark) 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 Time in DaysExplanation / Answer
a. Vaccine has a finite lifespan and booster dose is given to improve the immune response after memory against that antigen has declined through time.
b. When the vaccine is administered for the second time, secondary immune response takes place due to production of more number of antibodies secreted by B-cells which can be measured easily using ELISA. The process of clearance of antigen through B cells and T-cells lead to generation of memory cells that can recognise the antigen as foreign and mount a good immune response against it. The antibody titer goes up significantly at booster dose and goes down slightly after 280 days indicating that the immunologic memory was responsible for mounting an immune response.
c. The response will be more or less the same because both jawless fish and lampreys have got adaptive immunity and the antibody titre will also go up at the booster dose. The immune response will be significantly higher for these two organisms considering their overall size as unusual mechanisms that jawed vertebrates have invented to create and deploy T-cell receptor and Ig diversity leading to an evolutionary novelty.
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