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Mojito Mint Company has a debt-equity ratio of .40. The required return on the c

ID: 2807089 • Letter: M

Question

Mojito Mint Company has a debt-equity ratio of .40. The required return on the company's unlevered equity is 13 percent, and the pretax cost of the firm's debt is 7.3 percent. Sales revenue for the company is expected to remain stable indefinitely at last year's level of $17,800,000. Variable costs amount to 70 percent of sales. The tax rate is 34 percent, and the company distributes all its earnings as dividends at the end of each year If the company were financed entirely by equity, how much would it be worth? (Enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, e.g., 1,234,567. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) a. Value of the company b. What is the required return on the firm's levered equity? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Required return c-1. Use the weighted average cost of capital method to calculate the value of the company. (Enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, e.g., 1,234,567. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Value of the company c-2. What is the value of the company's equity? (Enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, e.g., 1,234,567. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Value of equity c-3. What is the value of the company's debt? (Enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, e.g., 1,234,567. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Value of debt d. Use the flow to equity method to calculate the value of the company's equity. (Enter your answer in dollars, not millions of dollars, e.g., 1,234,567. Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) Value of equity

Explanation / Answer

a.         If Mojito were financed entirely by equity, the value of the firm would be equal to the present value of its unlevered after-tax earnings, discounted at its unlevered cost of capital of 16%.

Sales Revenue

$17,800,000

Variable costs

12,460,000

EBIT

5,340,000

Taxes at 34%

1,815,600

Unlevered after-tax earnings

3,524,400

                        VU = $3,524,400/0.13

VU = $27,110,769

                        Therefore, Mojito Mint Company would be worth $27,110,769 as an unlevered firm.

            b.         According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II with corporate taxes:

   rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 – rB)(1 – TC)

   where r0    = the required return on the equity of an unlevered firm

               rS = the required return on the equity of a levered firm

               rB = the pre-tax cost of debt

                                    TC = the corporate tax rate

                                    B/S = the firm’s debt-to-equity ratio

                    

                        In this problem:

                 

                                    r0    = 0.13

                                    rB   = 0.073

                                    TC   = 0.34

                                    B/S = 0.40

                        The required return on Mojito’s levered equity is:

                        rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 – rB)(1 – TC)

                              = 0.13 + (0.40)(0.13 – 0.073)(1 – 0.34)

                              = 0.145

                    

                        The required return on Mojito’s levered equity (rS) is 14.5%.

            c-1.         In a world with corporate taxes, a firm’s weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) equals:

      rwacc        = {B / (B+S)}(1 – TC) rB + {S / (B+S)}rS

      where               B / (B+S)          = the firm’s debt-to-value ratio

                     S / (B+S)       = the firm’s equity-to-value ratio

                     rB                  = the pre-tax cost of debt

                     rS                  = the cost of equity

                                          TC                 = the corporate tax rate

                  The problem does not provide either Mojito’s debt-to-value ratio or Mojito’s equity-to-value ratio. However, the firm’s debt-to-equity ratio of 0.4 is given, which can be written algebraically as:

                        B / S = 0.4

                 

                        Solving for B:             

                        B = (0.4)(S)

                        A firm’s debt-to-value ratio is: B / (B+S)

                        Since B = (0.40)(S):

                        Mojito’s debt-to-value ratio     = (0.4)(S) / { (0.4)(S) + S}

                                                               = (0.4)(S) / (1.4)(S)

                                                               = (0.4)/1.4)

                                                               = 0.2857

                        Mojito’s debt-to-value ratio is 0.2857.

                        A firm’s equity-to-value ratio is: S / (B+S)

                        Since B = (0.4)(S):

                        Mojito’s equity-to-value ratio              = S / {(0.4)(S) + S}

                                                                        = S / (1.4)(S)

                                                                        = (1 / (1.4))

                                                                        = 0.7143

            Mojito’s equity-to-value ratio is 0.7143.

The inputs to the WACC calculation are:

     

      B / (B+S)    = 0.2857

   S / (B+S)    = 0.7143

   rB               = 0.073

   rS               = 0.145

                        TC              = 0.34

           

      rwacc                = {B / (B+S)}(1 – TC) rB + {S / (B+S)}rS

                  = (0.2857)(1 – 0.34)(0.073) + (0.7143)(0.145)

                  = 0.1173

Mojito’s weighted average cost of capital is 11.73%.

Use the weighted average cost of capital to discount the firm’s unlevered after-tax earnings.

                        VL = $3,524,400/ 0.1173

                              = $30,046,036

                             

                        Therefore, the value of Mojito Mint Company is $30,046,036.

            c-2:      Since the firm’s equity-to-value ratio is 0.7143, the value of Mojito’s equity is $21,461,883.

                  {= (0.7143)($30,046,036)}.

            c-3: Since the firm’s debt-to-value ratio is 0.2857, the value of Mojito’s debt is $8,584,152

                        {= (0.2857)( $30,046,036)}.

            d.         In order to value a firm’s equity using the Flow-to-Equity approach, discount the cash flows available to equity holders at the cost of the firm’s levered equity (rS).

                        Since the pre-tax cost of the firm’s debt is 7.3%, and the firm has $8,584,152 of debt outstanding, Mojito must pay $626,643 (= 0.073 * $8,584,152) in interest at the end of each year.

Sales Revenue

$17,800,000

Variable costs

12,460,000

EBIT

5,340,000

Interest

$626,643

Pre-tax earnings

$4,713,357

Taxes at 34%

1,602,541

Unlevered after-tax earnings

3,110,816

           

                        Since the firm pays all of its after-tax earnings out as dividends at the end of each year, equity holders will receive $3,110,816 of cash flow per year in perpetuity.

                        S       = Cash Flows Available to Equity Holders / rS

                                    = $3,110,816/ 0.145

                           = $21,453,900

                        The value of Mojito’s equity is $21,453,900

Sales Revenue

$17,800,000

Variable costs

12,460,000

EBIT

5,340,000

Taxes at 34%

1,815,600

Unlevered after-tax earnings

3,524,400

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