ish cycle processes nitrogen and provides dietary nitrogen if needed? r, which a
ID: 280412 • Letter: I
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ish cycle processes nitrogen and provides dietary nitrogen if needed? r, which a. glycolysis d. amino acid metabolism e. kreb's cycle b. cori cycle c.fatty acid metabolism 108. ATP made in glycolysis and the TCA cycle is the result of synthesis is the result of phosphorylation. phosphorylation, and NADH-dependent ATP a. oxidative; substrate-level b. substrate-level; electron c. substrate-level; oxidative d. oxidative; electron e. proton-gradient; oxidative 109. All are true for aconitase EXCEPT a. contains an iron-sulfur cluster. b. iron atom acts as a Lewis acid. C. one Fe coordinates with C-3 carbonyl and hydroxyl group of citrate d. equilibrium favors citrate. e. all are true. 110. The oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate is not thermodynamically because: favored under standard conditions. It occurs a. it is coupled with ATP hydrolysis. b. it is coupled with a strong reduction. c. the previous reaction has a large negative AG d, oxaloacetate is used in the next reaction, which has a negative ?G. e. it involves substrate-level phosphorylation. 111. All are characteristics of coenzymes EXCEPT: a. maintenance of original structure b. can serve as an electron carrier. c. provide a broader range of catalytic properties d. carry functional groups. e. can be derived from water-soluble vitamins. 112. Which process oxidizes NAD+? a. electron transport c. citric acid cycle d. urea cycle 113. Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in glycolysis in the reaction catalyzed byand belongs to enzymesExplanation / Answer
107: Answer : d) amino acid metabolism
The urea cycle is an important metabolic pathway which balances the amino acid and nitrogen metabolism.
108: Answer: c) substrate-level: oxidative
ATP production during the course of glycolysis and TCA cycle is known as substrate-level phosphorylation, which is done without the establishment of the proton gradient and ATP production in ETC is known as oxidative phosphorylation which needs the electron transport down the reducing protein complexes and which establish proton gradient and while balancing this gradient ATP synthase will couple ATP production.
109: Answer: e: all are true
Aconitase enzyme coverts citric acid into isocitric acid via cis-aconitate formation, The subsequent dehydration and hydration steps involved in the mode of action of this enzyme using iron-sulfur cofactors.
110: Answer: d; oxaloacetate utilised in next reaction which has -AG
The malate dehydrogenase catalysis the reaction of malate to oxaloacetate formation. Even though it is thermodynamically not favourable, in the next reaction oxaloacetate is cleared by converting into citrate which needs to be replaced by this enzyme reaction. Hence malate dehydrogenase drives the reaction towards the oxaloacetate formation.
111.Answer: a can maintain the original structure
The coenzymes generally help to proceed reactions through interchanging between isoforms.
112.Answer: c: citric acid cycle
NAD+ is a strong oxidising agent which can oxidise the substrate and gain electrons by which it converts into NADH. It occurs in citric acid cycle
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