Name Student ID Instructions: Write your limits given and the space provided (No
ID: 277997 • Letter: N
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Name Student ID Instructions: Write your limits given and the space provided (Note: Misinformation or irrelevant information will result in a loss of points.) name and student ID on all pages in pen. Restrict your answers to the word 1.) RNA in the central Dogma (15 points) Describe the roles of mRNA, IRNA, tRNA, snRNA, and miRNA in the central dogma. Focus on their roles in the flow of genetic information from DNA to Protein (20 words each) mRNA RNA RNA miRNA snRNA 2.) RNA secondary structure (9 points) Each different type of RNA mentioned above can basepair with itself to form secondary structures (inlcuding but not limited to stem loops for example). Describe the role RNA secondary structure plays for the function of 3 different types of RNA mentioned above. (Word limit: 20 words each)Explanation / Answer
1) Central Dogma : DNA encodes RNA through transcription and RNA encodes proteins through translation.
mRNA: Messenger RNA links the genes to proteins. It carries codes from the DNA in the nucleus to the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm(the ribosomes).
rRNA: Ribosomal RNA associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These ribosomes move along the mRNA chain catalyse the assembly of aminoacids into protein chains by binding to tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis.
tRNA: Transfer RNA is the key in deciphering codes in mRNA. It acts as a middle man between a particular amino acid and its corresponding mRNA codon. They carry aminoacid at one end and deliver it to the ribosome by using an anticodon at the other end to ensure that they deliver the correct aminoacid for the particular codon.
miRNA: MicroRNA play a critical role in gene regulation and it works by repressing translation. mRNAs are usually complementary to a part of one or more mRNAs. They usually bind to 3' UTR (untranslated region) of target mRNA and repress protein production by destabilising mRNA.
snRNA: Small nuclear RNAs are involved in post transcriptional modifications. They involve in the formation and function of the spliceosome in which pre mRNA splicing takes place to form functional mRNA.
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