In molecules of DNA, the nitrogenous base guanine will only pair with __________
ID: 277301 • Letter: I
Question
In molecules of DNA, the nitrogenous base guanine will only pair with ______________.
Thymine
Uracil
Cytosine
Adenine
In molecules of DNA, the nitrogenous base thymine will only pair with
Guanine
Uracil
Cytosine
Adenine
RNA is a single stranded molecule, unlike the double stranded DNA, and replaces _______________ with ______________.
Thymine, uracil
Guanine, uracil
Adenine, uracil
Cytosine, uracil
Chargaff’s research had shown that there are four monomers in DNA, in which two are always present in equal amounts and the other two are always in equal amounts. We know that these monomers are the _________________ of DNA.
Amino acids
Hydrogen bonds
Nucleotides
Hydrogen bonds
Nitrogenous bases
A DNA nucleotide is composed of the sugar ___________________, a ___________________ group, and a _____________________ base.
Ribose, phosphate, nitrogenous
Deoxyribose, phosphate, nitrogenous
Ribose, nitrogenous, phosphate
Deoxyribose, nitrogenous, phosphate
The shape of DNA, as describes by Watson and Crick, is a spiral ______double helix___________________.
In the double strand of DNA, one strand may have the nucleotide sequence of TGGCAAG, meaning that its complementary strand will have the sequence ___________________.
CAATGGA
GCCATTA
UCCGUUC
ACCGTTC
A person’s telomeres will:
Not change with age
Get shorter with age
Get longer with age
The enzyme which builds a new strand of DNA by adding building blocks of nucleotides is known as _________________.
DNA polymerase
Helicase
Telomerase
Okazaki fragments
DNA ligase
Because DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in a 5’ to 3’ direction of the continuously synthesized leading strand, the new strand is put together in short pieces called ________________________.
Helicase enzyme
DNA polymerase
Telomerase
Okazaki fragments
DNA ligase
On the lagging strand, the enzyme _________________ is necessary to bind the Okazaki fragments into one continuous strand.
DNA polymerase
Telomerase
DNA ligase
Helicase enzyme
If the DNA repair mechanisms fail to correct a defect in nucleotide sequencing, a permanent change known as a __________________ may result.
As the enzyme helicase opens and “unzips” the two strands of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds, a Y-shaped ________________________ forms.
Lagging strand
Leading strand
Okazaki fragment
Replication fork
One large difference between transcription and translation between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that, in prokaryotes:
Translation occurs simultaneously with transcription
Translocation occurs after transcription
Both transcription and translation occur in the nucleus
mRNA is not needed, as there is no nuclear membrane barrier
mRNA is much more stable and long lasting
The _______________ provides the code, which is read and transmitted by ______________, to assemble all the __________________________ of the body.
RNA, DNA, amino acids
DNA, RNA, proteins
Amino acids, DNA, RNA
DNA, RNA, amino acids
For DNA to be transcribed, it must partially unwind to allow the mRNA to form. This area is referred to as the _______________________.
Replication fork
Translation bubble
Promotor
Transcription bubble
The type of RNA which transcribes the DNA is ________________.
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA
sRNA
The portion of mRNA that does not code for functional protein is referred to as a/an __________________.
Intron
Exon
Promoter
Transcription bubble
It takes _______________ nucleotides to code for one __________________.
3, mRNA
3, amino acid
2, protein
2, amino acid
The portion of a gene which codes for protein formation is referred to as a/an_____________.
Nucleotide cap
Intron
Promoter
Transcription bubble
Exon
If the tRNA anticodon reads AUG CCU CAC AUC AUG, what was the original DNA template strand?
ATG CCY CAC ATC ATG
CAU AA AGA UGA GAC
UTG CCU ACA GCU UAC
AUG CCU CAC AUC AUG
How many amino acids would be in a peptide which was coded for by this sequence of codons: 5’ AUGCCUCACAUCAUG 3’ ?
2
3
4
5
6
The _______________ is an organelle composed of a small subunit which stabilizes the mRNA template, and a large subunit which binds to tRNA, tasked with transporting amino acids.
A codon is composed of ______ nucleotides, which will code for one of ___________ amino acids, which will create hundreds of thousands of different proteins.
2, 20
2, 16
3, 20
3, 18
4, 20
The gene expression for protein synthesis is prokaryotes is:
Continuous
Controlled by whether or not the protein is needed
Occurs only at the translational level
Occurs only at the epigenetic level
In a eukaryotic cell, transcription only occurs in the ______________ and translation happens only in the ____________________.
Nucleus, nucleolus
Cytoplasm, nucleus
Nucleus, cytoplasm
You have the same DNA in the muscle cells of your big toe as you do in the cells of your pancreas and brain. What protein is used to build which cell is regulated by _____________________.
What is the purpose of Biotechnology?
Use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes
Used for improving livestock and crops since the beginning of agriculture through selective breeding
The primary applications of this technology are in medicine and in agriculture
All of these
Genetic engineering has successfully transferred genes from eukaryotic cells into which of the following organism(s)?
Bacteria
Animals
Plants
All of these
The name of the small DNA fragment used to determine if the complementary sequence is present in a DNA sample.
Plasmid
Probe
Dolly
Clone
What is the name coined for an entire set of DNA molecules in the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms?
What is the small circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosomal DNA in bacteria?
Plasmid
Probe
Dolly
Clone
What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
A hybrid organism
A plant with certain genes removed
An organism with an artificially altered genome
Any agricultural organism produced by breeding or biotechnology
What carries a gene from one organism into a bacteria cell?
Polymerase chain reaction
A restriction enzyme
An electrophoresis gel
Plasmid
Which of the following processes of testing is used for the presence of disease-causing genes?
Genetic testing
Genetic engineering
Gene therapy
Genetic recombination
Which technique is used to cure inheritable diseases by replacing mutant genes with good genes?
Genetic diagnosis
Genetic testing
Genetic therapy
All of these
What is produced on a large scale by cultivating and manipulating fungal cells?
Hormones
Vaccine
Antibiotics
What are the products obtained by recombinant DNA technology?
Hormones
Vaccine
Antibiotics
All of these
What is the study of entire genomes, including the complete set of genes, their nucleotide sequence and organization, and their interactions within a species and with other species?
Which intracellular organelle DNA mutates at a rapid rate and is often used to study evolutionary relationships?
Explanation / Answer
1. Guanine will only pair with cytosine by three hydrogen bonding.Guanine is a purine while cytosine is a pyrimidine.
2.thymine will only pair with adenine by two hydrogen bonding.adenine is a purine and thymine is a pyrimidine.
3.replaces thymine with uracil
4.nitrogenous bases which includes two purine (Adenine and guanine ) and two pyrimidine (Thymine and cytosine).According to chargaff's rule A=T and G=C.
5.deoxyribose, phosphate group and nitrogenous base.
7. ACCGTTC as complementary of T is A and G is C
8.shorter with age which brings aging.
9.DNA polymerase which adds up nucleotides.
10.Okazaki fragments which are discontinuous starnds form on lagging strand.
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