anatomy and physiology 32) The terminal portion of the small intestine is known
ID: 276998 • Letter: A
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anatomy and physiology
32) The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the A) pyloric sphincter C) ileum 32) B) jejunum D) duodenum 33) The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-1 What does the 1 stand for? A) premolar toothB) incisor tooth C) molar tooth D) canine tooth 34) Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion. 34) A) Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth B) Gastric secretion is enhanced by very low plH (below a pH of 2) C) Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric juice D) The presence of food in the stomach prevents hormonal control of gastric secretion 35) Select the correct statement about digestive processes. 35) A) All commonly ingested substances are significantly absorbed by the mucosa of the stomach. B) Pepsin is an enzyme produced by the stomach for the purpose of starch digestion. C) Chyme entering the duodenum can decrease gastric motility via the enterogastric reflex. D) Enterogastrone is a hormone that helps increase gastric motility 36) You have just eaten french fries, buttered toast, ice cream, and whole milk. Which of the following 36) glands would be active in helping you to digest this food? A) the buccal glands C) the pancreas B) the thyroid gland D) the parotid glands 37) Which of these is not a component of saliva? A) defensins C) nitric oxide B) lysozyme D) a cyanide compound 38) 38) Which of the following statements best describes complete protein? A) meets all the minimum daily requirements for a healthy diet B) must meet all the body's amino acid requirements for maintenance and growth C) derived only from legumes and other plant material D) derived from meat and fish only 39) 39) When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly D) ketone bodies B) acetyl CoA C) urea A) ammonia 40) 40) Which of the choices bel low describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)? A) glycogenesis, lipogenesis, electron transport chain B) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation C) gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle, lipolysis D) lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation 41) 41) Transamination is the process whereby the amine group of an amino acid is A) transferred to a keto acid C) converted to urea B) converted to ammonia D) transferred to acetyl CoAExplanation / Answer
Q32) which is the terminal part of intestine?
Answer- C-Ileum.
Explanation - Small intestine has three parts anterior part is called duodenum, jejunum and Ileum. illeum is the terminal or end part of small intestine, in this part absorption of Vitamin B12 , bile and the other nutrients left takes place.
Q33) The dental formulae for adult is 2,1,2,3. Here 1 stands for?
Answer- D- canine teeth.
Explanation- In dental formulae the pattern of teeth are I-C-P-M , here I stands for Incisor, C stands for Canine, P stands for premolar and M stands for Molar.so in the question there are 2 incisors , 1 canine, 2 premolars and 2 molars present.
Q34) Correct statement about regulation of gastric secretion?
Answer- A - Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.
Explanation- Before food enters mouth by the aroma, sight and thought gastric secretion can be stimulated , this is the cephalic phase of gastric secretion.
Gastric secretion is not enhanced below pH level2.
Vagus stimulation off stomach results increased secretion of gastric juice.
When there is no food in stomach/ Duodenum the hormonal mechanism for stimulation of gastric juice is in low activity, as soon as food enters the gastric secretion increases.
Q35) Correct statement about the digestive process?
Answer- C- Chyme entering the duodenum can decrease gastric motility via enterogastric reflex.
Explanation- When chyme enters the duodenum the, Enterogastric reflex is stimulated in the duodenum by a pH of 3-4 and in the stomach by a pH of 1.5. By the initiation of the reflex, gastrin gets released by G-cells and the end part or antrum of the stomach closes. This reduces the gastric motility, as well as the production of HCL.
All commonly substances are absorbed by the small intestine.
Pepsin is produced in stomach to digest protein.
Enetrogastrone is a hormone which slows down the gastric motility, by reducing the amount of acid produced.
Q 36 ) The gland which will help in digesting French-fries, buttered toast, ice cream, whole milk is ?
Answer- C- pancreas.
Explanation-Pancreas contains many types of enzymes which, helps in digesting different types of foods. It also contains insulin, which helps in controlling the blood glucose level. As the person eats ice cream it contains sugar so helps in controlling blood sugar, he takes buttered toast and whole-milk , it contains trypsin and chymotrypsin to digest proteins, also it contains amylase to break starch found in bread and French-fries.
Salivary or buccal gland only contains enzymes to digest carbohydrate.
Parotid gland helps in saliva secretion. Helps in digestion of starch.
Thyroid gland help in digestion process, but pancreas has all the enzymes required to digest the foods given in question.
Q37) Which of these is not a component of saliva?
Answer- C- Nitric oxide.
Explanation- Lysozyme. Defensins, A cyanide compound all are component of saliva but nitric oxide is not a component of saliva though it is found in saliva, the bacteria present in mouth in the back of tongue, converts the nitrates of food found in saliva to nitrites , these are in acidic medium converted into nitric oxide. This process occurs around gum, nitric oxide are bactericidal agents around the gum.
Q38) Which best describes a complete protein-
Answer- B-Must meet all the body's amino-acid requirement for maintainance and growth.
Explanation- A complete protein is a source of protein which contains a good proportion of all nine essential amino acids required for the growth and development and maintainance of an organism. Examples of this are poultry, fish, eggs, milk, cheese, yogurt, and soybeans. Most plant proteins are considered incomplete. Mixture of plant and animal proteins are considered as complete proteins.
Q39)When protein undergoes deamination the waste material found in the urine is-
Answer- C- Urea
Explanation- When protein is taken in diet, to produce energy it is broken down to amino acid by deamination process for production of energy. The amino group is removed from the amino acid and converted to ammonia, and the rest of the amino acid which are made up of carbon and hydrogen, and is recycled or oxidized for energy. As ammonia is toxic for the human body, enzymes convert it to urea and it is passed in the urine. So waste material found in urine is urea.
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