28 Cell Cycle and Meiosis Exercise A: The Cell Cycle (con\'t) 1. During which ph
ID: 276082 • Letter: 2
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28 Cell Cycle and Meiosis Exercise A: The Cell Cycle (con't) 1. During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes replicated? 2. During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes separated? 3. What phenomenon defines the beginning of mitosis? Exercise B: Simulation of the Cell Cycle homologous In this simulation, you will work in pairs to simulate the replication and division of the chromosomes in the cell cycle of a eukaryotic cell. In the transition from interphase to mitosis, the DNA molecule begins to condense around histone proteins, coiling up on itself, creating a dense collection of DNA and proteins visible in a compound microscope (Fig. 2). a) b) ]centromere region Once the chromosomes have condensed spindle fibers grow from centriole pairs, attaching to the centromere region at a protein structure known as the kinetochore sister (Fig. 3). Once the spindle fibers attach at theFig. 2. Condensed chromosome during mitosis prior to kinetochores, the centriole pairs ratchet the spindle fibers in opposite directions separating the chromosomes. chromatids division in anaphase. a) idealized model of a chromosome. b) what chromosomes look like under a microscope. kinetochore centriole pair indle fiber Fig. 3. Cellular structures involved in mitosis. www.thebiologyprimer.comExplanation / Answer
1. During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes replicated?
Answer: Chromosomes are duplicated during the S-phase of Interphase.
2. During which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes separated?
Answer: During Anaphase of mitosis of cell cycle chromosomes are separated.
3. What phenomenon defines the beginning of mitosis?
Answer: The formation of spindle fiber, condensation of chromosomes and disappearance of the nuclear membrane marks the beginning of mitosis.
4. The appearance of two exact nuclei in the yeast cell can be accounted for faulty production of spindle fibers which are responsible for separating the chromosomes during the mitosis phase.
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