4) In order to help you understand the added benefits of using a signal transduc

Question

4) In order to help you understand the added benefits of using a signal transduction pathway versus having direct signaling in a cell, take a look at the figure below. In it you will find two examples of how an extracellular signal can induce a change in cellular behavior (the vioral output). On the left you see the simplest pathway possible with just a receptor (A) receiving the signal and immediately eliciting the cellular response. On the right you see a more complex signal transduction pathway with multiple intracellular components (A -D) ultimately leading to a change in cellular response (the behavioral output). This signal transduction pathway also includes a positive feedback loop (connecting C back to A) and a negative feedback loop (; connecting D back to B). Comparing both pathways, what are two things that the complex system on the left can do that the simpler system on the right cannot do? How is this beneficial to the cel? Extracellular signal Extracellular signal Behavioral output Behavioral output

Explanation / Answer

Actually last part of the question is wrongly given, please check: simpler system is on left side and complex system with positive and negetive feed backs on the right side?.

Biological organisms process external stimuli or signals not directly as given on left but indirectly as given in right either positive or negative feed back mechanisms with multiple down stream effector molecules for processing and transfering the signal. this indierct mechanism allows the organisms to rightly process the signal and achieve homeostasis with its surrounding environment. The idea of having positive (amplifies stimuli) and negative feedback (reduces stimuli) is their response to change or to have balance so that organisms can rightly react to a condition or have balanced reaction than not reacting at all or overreacting, which may have deletorious effect on the srvival of an organism or a cell. Hence the complex system with +ve and -ve feedback can appropriately react to a given signal and play a role in homeostasis, where as simpler direct system cannot do this because either it over reacts or under reacts to a given signal and cannot achieve homeostasis and may have deletorious effect on the living condition of a cell or an organism. for example for producing/stopping production of a protein ot harmone in a short burst of time if the cell doesnot have +ve and -ve feedback systems, either it produces continuously or seldom produce hence these feed back systems are very important.  

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