58. An ecosystem: A. is composed of the plant life and climate of a given area B
ID: 273837 • Letter: 5
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58. An ecosystem: A. is composed of the plant life and climate of a given area B. consists of all of the living and nonliving things functioning together in an area. C. consists of all of the living animals in a given area D. consists of all of the living organisms in a given area. E. is composed of all of the abiotic factors that influence living organisms in a given area Which of the following shows the correct order of ecological levels, from lowest to highest in complexity? A. populations> communities> individuals> ecosystems B. ecosystems> communities > individuals> communities C. individuals> populations> communities> ecosystems D. communities > populations>ecosystems > individuals E. None of the above correctly shows the order from lowest to highest. 59. 60. Which of the following is an example of an abiotic factor? A rate of disease transmission C. average lifespan B. mean annual rainfall in an ecosystem D. rate of predation on a prey population E average litter size 61. The number of individuals that can be supported in a given habitat is the A. J-curve potential. B. biotic potential. D. carrying capacity. E. density-independent effectExplanation / Answer
58. An ecosystem includes biotic community in a given area plus its abiotic environment. The biotic and abiotic factors interact through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
An ecosystem is composed of all the organisms and physical features of the environment. It is not merely the plant and climatic factors.
Hence, option (A) is incorrect.
Ecosystem include living as well as non-living components not just living animals.
Hence, option (C) is incorrect.
Ecosystem include living as well as non-living components not just living organisms.
Hence, option (D) is incorrect.
In an ecosystem the biotic and abiotic factors interact with each other. Hence, it is not just composed of only abiotic factors.
Hence, option (E) is incorrect.
Ecosystem includes the abiotic (physical and chemical features (non-living) of an environment) as well as the biotic (all living organisms) elements. Hence, ecosystem consists of all living and non-living things functioning together in an area.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (B).
59. Life can be organized into different levels based on function and complexity.
Individual exist as a distinct entity. It refers to a single person.
Population is the number of individuals living at a particular place.
Community refers to an association of different populations at the same geographical area.
Ecosystem consists of all living and non-living things functioning together in an area. It is a dynamic entity composed of biological community and the abiotic environment.
Hence, the correct order of ecological levels from lowest to the highest in complexity is: Individuals > Population > Community > Ecosystem
Therefore, the correct answer is option (C).
60. Non-living factors that influence the living organisms are termed as abiotic factors. This include rain, wind, temperature, altitude, soil, pollution, sunlight, etc.
Rate of disease transmission is influenced by living organisms. Hence, it does not come under abiotic factor.
Hence, option (A) is not correct.
Lifespan is determined for a living organism. Hence, it is also not an abiotic factor.
Hence, option (C) is incorrect.
Rate of predation and prey population is again determined for living organisms. Hence, it is also not an abiotic factor.
Hence, option (D) is incorrect.
Litter size refers to the number of offsprings produced at one birth. Hence, it is also not an abiotic factor.
Hence, option (E) is not correct.
Rain is a non-living component. It influences the living organisms in many ways. Hence, mean annual rainfall is an example of abiotic factor.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (B).
61. When population density of an organism increases rapidly in an exponential form but stops abruptly due to environmental resistance or some other factors, it is referred to as J-curve potential.
Hence, option (A) is not correct.
The capacity of a population to increase under ideal environmental condition is referred to as biotic potential.
Hence, option (B) is not correct.
Effects due to increase or decrease of population density is called density-dependent effect.
Hence, option (C) is not correct.
Effects that are independent of increase or decrease in population density is called density-independent effect.
Hence, option (E) is incorrect.
The maximum number of individuals that can be supported by a given habitat without degradation of the environment is termed as carrying capacity. Carrying capacity of different species is different due to their varying food, shelter, and social requirements.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (D).
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