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The energy of activation refers to the amount of free energy needed to proceed a

ID: 273252 • Letter: T

Question

The energy of activation refers to the amount of free energy needed to proceed a reaction. A(n) _____________________ lowers the amount of energy needed to allow the reaction to proceed.

Carbohydrate

Enzyme

Cofactor

Inhibitor

You are watching your little cousin build a tower of blocks. He then knocks them down. The faling blocks is a form of _________________________ energy.

Real

Heat

Kinetic

Potential

The energy from the sun nourishes plants that then nourish herbivores. As the energy flows through the living system, it usually leaves in the form of __________________.

Heat

Detritus

Proteins

Energy

A metabolic pathway that breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules is a(n) ______________________ reaction while a metabolic pathway that builds a large molecule from smaller ones is a(n) _____________________ reaction.

Exergonic, endergonic

Anabolic, catabolic

Endergonic, exergonic

Catabolic, anabolic

Potential energy is the energy stored by location or structure of matter; however, __________________ energy is the energy of movement.

Kinetic

Potential

Heat

Real

In many _____________________ pathways, a cacade of both anabolism and catabolism are required to complete the reaction.

Thermodynamics

Metabolic

Exergonic

Endergonic

The measure of the amount of disorder in a system is called ___________________.

Equilibrium

Thermodynamics

Entropy

Energy

All organisms require __________________ to live, reproduce, and maintain homeostasis.

What is glucose broken down into in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

ATP

NADH

Carbon dioxide

Pyruvate

The process of ______________________ is what breaks the last phosphate group off of an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule.

The primary energy currency in a cell is a small molecule called _________________________.

NADH

ATP

DNA

RNA

ATP is composed of an adenine, a ribose sugar, three phosphate molecules, and the bonds between molecules. In which part of ATP is the potential energy stored?

Ribose

Adenine

Phosphate molecules

The bonds

The 8 steps of the citric acid cycle is a loop because

The ATP used in glycolysis are regenerated back into ADP

The compounds used in the first stage are regenerated in the last stage to be used again

The carbon atoms must turn in a circle in order to be incorporated into sugar

In what organelle in eukaryotic cells does the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Chloroplast

Ribosome

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Which is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

NADP

ATP

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

Donates electrons to decompose ATP into ADP

Carries excited electrons through a series of proteins to build a proton gradient to power ATP synthase

Holds together electrons to make the ATP electromagnetically negative

What is ATP synthase?

Is a protein complex that adds an inorganic phosphate to ADP to generate ATP

Is a protein complex that breaks down ATP into ADP by removing a phosphate group

In what type of mammal cells would lactic acid fermentation occur?

Skin

Bone

Muscle

Brain

Alcohol fermentation produces ______________________ as a byproduct of ATP production.

Glucose

Ethanol

Acetyl CoA

Pyruvate

Fermentation is the pathway used in the ________________________ of oxygen.

Breakdown

Absence

Presence

Production

What type of metabolic reaction is fermentation?

Exergonic aerobic

Exergonic anaerobic

Endergonic aerobic

Endergonic anaerobic

Carbon fixation is the:

Conversion of CO2 into an organic compound

Synthesis of glucose from G3P

Conversion of H2O into an organic compound

Formation of NADPH from CO2

The final product of photosynthesis that can be used in cellular respiration is ___________________ (enter the chemical formula!).

What is the source of the carbon that is incorporated into the glucose molecule in photosynthesis?

Sugar

CO2

Sunlight

Water

The purpose of photosynthesis is to produce ________________, a form of potential chemical energy, which can then be converted to _________________ in respiration as another form of potential chemical energy.

ATP, glucose

ATP, NADPH

Glucose, ATP

Glucose, NADPH

The light-dependent reaction occur in the membrane of the thylakoids and the Calvin cycle occurs in the ______________________ of the chloroplast.

Stomata

Stroma

Cytoplasm

Granum

What do organisms need along with chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis?

ATP, water and sunlight

Glucose and oxygen

Carbon dioxide, water and sunlight

ATP, carbon dioxide and water

All living cells need ____________________ to do work.

DNA

Proteins

Glucose

ATP

Heterotrophs get their energy directly from:

The sun

Water

Consuming other organisms

Eating glucose

What is chlorophyll?

An enzyme molecule

A pigment molecule

A sugar molecule

A protein molecule

The fraction of the electromagnetic spectrum which humans can see is ______________________.

The electromagnetic spectrum

Photosynthesis

Visible light

The absorption spectrum of a pigment is the specific pattern of ______________________ each pigment can absorb.

Reflection

Wavelength

Colors

Electricity

Photosystems are located in the membranes of the _________________ inside chloroplasts in eukaryotic organisms.

Mesophyll

Stroma

Chlorophyll

Thylakoid

The chlorophyll molecule donates a(n) _____________________ to “power” the next step in photosynthesis.

H+

Photon

Electron

Proton

What unit of light energy is used by a photosystem, a group of pigment molecules and proteins located in the thylakoid membrane, for each light-dependent reaction?

Neutron

Proton

Photon

Explanation / Answer

The energy of activation refers to the amount of free energy needed to proceed a reaction. A(n) enzyme lowers the amount of energy needed to allow the reaction to proceed.

You are watching your little cousin build a tower of blocks. He then knocks them down. The falling blocks is a form of kinetic energy.

The energy from the sun nourishes plants that then nourish herbivores. As the energy flows through the living system, it usually leaves in the form of energy

A metabolic pathway that breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules is a catabolic reaction while a metabolic pathway that builds a large molecule from smaller ones is a(n) anabolic reaction.

Potential energy is the energy stored by location or structure of matter; however, kinetic energy is the energy of movement.

In many metabolic pathways, a cascade of both anabolism and catabolism are required to complete the reaction.

The measure of the amount of disorder in a system is called entropy

All organisms require energy and oxygen to live, reproduce, and maintain homeostasis.

What is glucose broken down into in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? pyruvate

The process of dephosphorylation or hydrolysis is what breaks the last phosphate group off of an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule.

The primary energy currency in a cell is a small molecule called ATP

ATP is composed of an adenine, a ribose sugar, three phosphate molecules, and the bonds between molecules. In which part of ATP is the potential energy stored? The bonds

Cleavage of bonds releases energy.

The 8 steps of the citric acid cycle is a loop because The compounds used in the first stage are regenerated in the last stage to be used again

In what organelle in eukaryotic cells does the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occur? Mitochondria

Which is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration? Oxygen

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain? Carries excited electrons through a series of proteins to build a proton gradient to power ATP synthase

What is ATP synthase? Is a protein complex that adds an inorganic phosphate to ADP to generate ATP.

In what type of mammal cells would lactic acid fermentation occur? Muscle

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