1. A poorly differentiated cancer is best described in appearance as: a) close t

Question

1. A poorly differentiated cancer is best described in appearance as: a) close to normal cells b) far from normal cells c) having poorly defined nucle d) having large areas where apoptosis is occurring 2. Which of the following is (are) possible characteristics of cancer cells? a) lack of contact inhibition b) not noticed by immune system because they have lost cell surface markers c) lack communication between cells d) all of the above 3. What is a term used to describe a secondary growth from the primary neoplasm a) Metabolism b) Mutation c) Metastases d) Biotransformation are like an accelerator of cell proliferation or transformation, while _are like a brake. a) tumour suppressor genes; proto-oncogenes b) oncogenes; tumour suppressor genes c) proto-oncogenes; oncogenes d) tumour suppressor genes; oncogenes 5. Choose the correct progression of carcinogenesis: a) Metastasis> promotion> clonal expansion > initiation > progression > angiogenesis b) Initiation>promotion > clonal expansion > progression > metastasis> angiogenesis c) Initiation > progression > clonal expansion > promotion > metastasis > angiogenesis d) Initiation > promotion> progression > clonal expansion > metastasis > angiogenesis 6. Which of the following are characteristic of a malignant tumor cells? a) Invasive b) Rapidly Growing c) Nonencapsulative d) All of the above 7. The promoter a) Leads to an irreversible result b) Requires the initiator in order for carcinogenesis to take place Attacks cell proteins and membranes d) Binds covalently with DNA 8. Epigenetic Carcinogens a) produce collagenase in order to dissolve basement membranes of cells are inorganic compounds b) are nucleophilic c) alter cellular growth and division d) none of the above 9. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process. Which term best describes a stepwise increase towards malignancy? © 2014 Jones & Bartett Learning, LLC

Explanation / Answer

1)Answer is option B

canceris characterised by loss of control of cellular growth and excessive proliferation and spread of cells.Neoplasia means new growth of cells.

Differentiation is a process which converts immature cells to mature cells with designated function.

Well differentiatrd cancer cell looks close to normal cells,grows and spreads sloely.

But poorly differentiated cancer cells looks far from normal cells.and they loose their characteristics and get apoptised.

2)Answer is option D

Characteristics of cancer cells:

a)shape is more rounder.

b)alterations in cell structure

c)loss of contact inhibtion:normal cells form monolayers.but cancer cells form multilayers as their no contact inhibtion.

d)loss of Anchorage dependence:these cells can grow with out attachment.without communication with other cells.

e)alterations in structure of molecules:

There is change in sturcture in glycoproteins and glycolipids.which distort the surface receptors and there is no connection with immune system.

3)Answer is option C

Metastasis is the process by which malignant cancer cells spread to secondary site from primary site or origin,where they get deposited and form secondary tumors.

4)Answer is option B

Oncogenes,tumour suppressor gene

Oncogenes are the Gene's capable of causing cancer,they get activated from proto oncogenes.

Example:-abl gene for leukemia

-sisgene for osteosarcoma etc..

Tumour suppressor gene/antioncogenes:

These are cancer suppressor genes,more precisely the products formed from these apply stoppage and regulate proliferation.

Example:p53 gene, retinoblastoma gene

5)Answer is option D

Intiation-promotion-progression-clonal expansion-metasis-Angigenesis are stages of cancer.

6)Answer is option D

Malignant tumours Cells are uncontolled Proliferation ,invasive, rapidly growing,spreads to various parts of body.

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