1.Some viruses are able to alter the normal flow of genetic information(DNA?RNA?

Question

1.Some viruses are able to alter the normal flow of genetic information(DNA?RNA?protein)in cells.

A) True

B) False

2.Adsorption of a virus onto an animal host cell requires viral spikes to interact with receptors on the host cell

membrane.

A) True

B) False

3.Nonspecific chemical defenses include:

A)lysozyme

D)stomach hydrochloric acid

B)low pH of skin and vagina

E)All of the above

C)fatty acids in sebum

4.Which of the following events may occur as a result of complement activation?

A)Promotes phagocytosis

B)Bacterial cell lysis (cytolysis) via a membrane attack complex (MAC)

C)Opsonization

D)All of the above

E)A and B only

Explanation / Answer

1. True

Explanation: Virus can alter the DNA->RNA--> Protein normal flow resulting in alteration of transcription process. This sometimes may lead to cancer. Hence, the statement is True

2. True

Explanation: Virus with spikes usually interact with the receptors of host cells usually by endocytosis. Hence, the given statement is true

3. Option E. All of the above

Explanation: Apart from the immune system, there are non specific chemical defenses which acts as first line of defenses like Lysozyme in tears, Hydrochloric acid in stomach, low pH in skin and female genital tract, fatty acids in sebum. Hence, the answer is all of the above (Option E)

4, D. All of the above

Explanation: Complement activation results in opsonization which enables phagocytosis, killing of pathogen cells by lysis via Membrane attack complex, chemotaxis that brings the immune cells to the infection site.

Hence, the answer is D. All of the above

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