10, which of the following is N T an evolutionary force that changes allele freq
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10, which of the following is N T an evolutionary force that changes allele frequencies? a) mutation b) selection c) migration d) random mating 11. As discussed in class, the symbol 'V accounts only for. a) mi gration b) neutral mutation c) reverse mutation rate d) forward mutation rate 12. After conducting a X2 test, if you obtained a p value of 0.03, you would a) conclude that the population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. b) conclude that the population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Lecture 26: Genetic Testing Matching - For the following questions, match the genetic testing technique in the left column trith the timing of the test in the right columm. Choices in the right column may be used once, more than once, or not at all Genetic Testing Technique 13. Newborn screening a) After fertilization, before transfer of embryo to mother 14. Heterozy gote screening b) During embryonic or fetal development in the mother c) After birth 15. Amniocentesis 16. Chronic villus sampling 17. Fetal cell sorting 18. Preimplantation Lab 13: Population Genetics- Alu PCR, Transposons Multiple Choice 19. After thecycle of PCR, some fragments of the desired length have been obtained. a) 1st b) 2ad c) 3d d) 4th e)5h 20. The size of the Alu repeat alone is bp long. a) 300 b) 700 c)1,000 d) 1,700 e 2,000Explanation / Answer
10. Allele frequency refers to the relative frequency of an allele in a defined population. Changes in allele frequencies occur as a result of gene flow or migration, genetic drift, selection, and mutation.
Mutation can result in genetic variation. They are changes which are inherited from previous generations. Spread of mutations can thus cause change in allele frequencies. So, mutation is an evolutionary force that changes allele frequencies.
Hence, option (a) is incorrect.
Population can evolve by selection resulting in the change in allele frequencies.
Hence, option (b) is incorrect
Migration allows gene flow between populations. This results in the change in allele frequencies of a population.
Hence, option (c) is incorrect.
According to Hardy-Weinberg law of equilibrium when mating is random in a population, genotype and allele frequencies will remain in equilibrium. As a result, allele frequency tends to remain constant. Thus, random mating is not an evolutionary force that changes allele frequencies.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (d).
11. Mutations may occur in two directions. Mutation occurring from wild type to mutant is called forward mutation, and mutation occurring from mutant to wild type is called reverse or backward mutation. Forward mutation rate is represented as ‘u’ and reverse mutation rate is represented as ‘v’.
Hence, symbol ‘v’ accounts only for reverse mutation rate.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (c).
12. ?2 (chi-square) test is a statistical method used for assessing goodness of fit between observed and expected values. p-Value is used to evaluate the significance of ?2
If p-value is less than 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis, there is statistically significant difference and population will not be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Whereas if a p-value is more than 0.05, there is no statistically significant difference. A p-value of 0.03 means there is 3% probability that genotype differences occur due to chance and 97% does not occur by chance.
Hence, this p-value is significant, null hypothesis is rejected, and therefore the population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
So, the correct answer is option (b).
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