14) Which strategies are used by parasitic helminths to counter mammalian immune

Question

14) Which strategies are used by parasitic helminths to counter mammalian immune responsos to their presence: a) secretion of antioxidants b) cystatin-mediated reduction in MHC Class II antigen presentation c) helminth-encoded proteins that prevent complement activation d) all of the above 15) Glardia lamblia directly causes pathology in an infected host by a) preventing uptake of nutrients through the gut epithelium b) nibbling the membranes of gut epithelial cells c) secreting pore-forming toxins that damage gut epithelial cells and allow parasite dissemination d) all of the above 16) Cytokines are. a) specialized immune cells required for antigen processing b) secreted factors that enable communication between immune cells c) secreted effectors of complement-mediated lysis d) specialized immune cells primarily functioning in phagocytosis 17) Innate and acquired immune responses: a) are found in vertebrates and invertebrates b) recognize PAMPs c) secrete antibodies d) are capable of parasite detection 18) Which of the following best describes the extent to which redundant mechanisms play a role in host immune defense and parasite immune evasion? a) vertebrate, but not invertebrate hosts have multiple mechanisms for parasite control; parasites of both vertebrates and invertebrates typically have redundant mechanisms for immune evasion. b) vertebrates and invertebrates have redundant parasite control mechanisms, and parasites have redundant immune evasion mechanisms c) invertebrate, but not vertebrate, hosts have mutiple mechanisms for parasite control; parasites of both vertebrates and invertebrates typically have redundant mechanisms for immune evasion. d) vertebrate, but not invertebrate, hosts have multiple mechanisms for parasite control: parasites of both vertebrates and invertebrates typically do not have redundant mechanisms for immune evasion 19) Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) mediating innate immune recognition are found in a) plants b) nematodes c) mammals d) all of the above 20) The pathology resulting from Leishmania major or L. tropica is tied to the type of immune response an infected individual mounts. Which of the following correctly ties immune response to parasite proliferation to likely disease outcome? a) individuals with a cell-mediated Th1 dominant response typically have low antibody and low parasite loads, with localized, self-healing lesions b) individuals with a cell-mediated Th1 dominant response typically have low antibody and high

Explanation / Answer

Q14:- Option C

Explanation:- The helminth parasites counter host immune responses by expressing helminth encoding proteins called glycan mimicry that prevent complement activation.

Q15:- Option A

Explanation:- Guardia lamblia causes disturbance in absorption of nutrients in the gut epithelium.

Q16:- Option B

Explanation:- Cytokines are special protein molecules that enable communication between the immune cells.

Q17:- Option B

Explanation:- Both innate and adaptive immune response recognise PAMPS ( pathogen associated molecular pattern structure)

Q19:- Option C

Explanation:- Pattern recognition receptors are present in mammals.

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