1. List three differences between DNA and RNA (make aure to indicate which is wh

ID: 269064 • Letter: 1

Question

1. List three differences between DNA and RNA (make aure to indicate which is which) 2. Define each of the following ARTs: in vitro fertilization, aygote intrafallopian transfer (Z)PT), and artificial insemination 3. Explain how somatio cell nuclear transfer is used to produce a clone (like Doly the sheep) 4. Describe two reproductive strategies used by various animals (fish, frogs, birds, etc.) to increase reproductive success. What is the adaptive value of each strategy/behavior? 5. Describe how each of the following could be considered adaptive under sociobiology a. parental care b. adultery c. divorce

Explanation / Answer

1. List three differences between DNA and RNA

Ans.

Sr. No.

DNA

RNA

DNA is mainly present in nucleus

RNA is mainly present in cytoplasm

DNA is double stranded

RNA is single stranded

It contain deoxyribose sugar C5H10O4

It contain ribose sugar C5H10O5

In DNA Adenine pairs with Thymine

In RNA Adenine pairs with Uracil

In DNA ratio of purine : pyrimidine is equal

In RNA ratio of purine : pyrimidine is not equal

Q.2 Define each of the following ARTs. In vitro fertilization, zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), artificial insemination

Ans.

In vitro fertilization: It is a specialized technique by which an ovum is removed from women’s ovary and is fertilized by sperm outside the body (in vitro), and resulting embryo later implanted in the uterus for gestation.

zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT): It is a method used to treat infertility in which an egg fertilized outside the body is placed into a woman's fallopian tube.

artificial insemination: It is a procedure in which a fine catheter is inserted through the cervix into the uterus to directly deposit a sperm sample or semen.

Q.3 how somatic cell nuclear transfer is used to produce a clone

Ans: Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a specialized laboratory method for creating an ovum with a donor nucleus. Genes disabled during tissue differentiation can be entirely reactivated by nuclear reprogramming i.e. the reversion of a differentiated nucleus back to a totipotent status.

It practices a dissimilar approach as compared to artificial embryo twinning, but result is similar.

From a healthy egg nucleus is removed.

Now such egg turn out to be host for a nucleus that is transplanted from another cell.

The resulting embryo can be implanted into a surrogate (replacement) mother to create a cloned individual. Such cloning is called reproductive cloning like Dolly the sheep.