14) How might you treat a patient that comes into your clinic with a moderate to
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14) How might you treat a patient that comes into your clinic with a moderate to high fever that appears to be due to a Gram positive upper respiratory tract infection? A) Injection of penicillin; send home with oral penicillin B) Injection of penicillin send home with oral penicillin and sulfa drugs C) Admit into the hospital; IV penicillin and bacitracin D) Injection of penicillin; send home with zithromax 15) Which of the following is NOT an antiviral mechanism? A) Un-coating inhibitor B) Receptor-binding inhibitor C) Lysis inhibitor D) Nucleotide/Nucleoside analogs 16) Vaccination to create a high titer immune response is best whenare used. A) Multivalent vaccines B) Monovalent vaccines C) Concomitant vaccines D) Productive vaccines 17) Which vaccine might be administered to an elderly person? A) Attenuated B) Conjugate C) Multivalent D) DTaP 18) Which of the following IS NOT a common method of vaccine production? A) Cadavers B) Bioreactors C) Chicken eggs D) Cell Culture 19) Which of the following is FALSE with respect to adjuvants? A) Help to solubilize the vaccine B) Help to stimulate the immune system to the vaccine C) Often contain aluminum D) Might be the cause of reactions in some patients 20) Diatoms are a(n) A) Ancient virus B) Protozoan C) Algal (phytoplankton) D) ProkaryoteExplanation / Answer
14) The correct answer is an injection of penicillin and sent home with Zithromax
Most of the upper respiratory tract infection are related to Streptococcus genus. Zithromax (chemical name azithromycin)is an antibiotic, especially for a respiratory infection. While penicillin is a broad spectrum antibiotic effective against many bacteria.
15) The correct answer is lysis inhibitor.
The antiviral agents are available in the form of nucleoside analogs, uncoating inhibitors which block the coating of a virus particle, and a receptor binding inhibitors.
16) The correct option is cocomitant vaccines.
A vaccine is a small portion of the disease-causing pathogen an antigen which can elicit an immune response in the person when administered but does not cause harm as it does not have the same capacity as the microorganism itself. Monovalent vaccines comprise of a single antigen whereas a multivalent vaccine can elicit a stronger response with many antigens introduced together but a highest titer or concentration of antibodies are observed to be produced when two or types of vaccines are administered together with such Measle, mumps and rubella vaccine.
17) The correct answer is a conjugate vaccine.
An elderly persons' immune system is relatively weak to a young person's. Administering an attenuated/weak pathogen into the body may not be advisable as it may have a considerable risk and the old body cannot fight it successfully rendering the individual to the disease. DTaP vaccine is a booster immune dose given to smaller kids and hence not for the elderly. Instead of the multivalent a conjugate vaccine which only has a complex molecule of the antigen is used.
18) The correct answer is cadavers.
In all the options such as bioreactors, eggs cell culture the microorganisms are cultured to produce the desired product i.e. vaccine. But in the cadavers/dead bodies, there won't be any success as the microbes do not survive for long on a cadaver.
19) The correct answer is an adjuvant is used to solubilize vaccine
An adjuvant is a small compound such as cytokines, alum etc., used with the vaccines to stimulate the immune response in the body
20) The correct answer is algal(phytoplankton)
Diatoms are small motile organisms living in an aquatic habitat and they are termed as phytoplankton as they produce oxygen through photosynthesis.
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