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ith a bright water (Figure 1D). se micelle sel encapsulating different hydrophilic reagents is around thus ensuring an 0.25 by dynamic light scattering DLS) Table1 RNV A). We use the The measured hydrodynamic diameter of the RNV use DOTAP can 140 nm, and the polydispersity index (PDI) is smaller than the water core. and cholesterol) LGA shell in the loaded with different hydrophilic reagents shows marginal differences in size and PDI. The surface charges of the RNV encapsulating different reagents can be influenced by the achieve a long- contents. Briefly, the positively charged DOTAP may diffuse to the outer lipid layer, resulting in the positive surface charge e. s, such as calcein, of RNV when encapsulating calcein and rhodamine B. How- core of RNV by ever, for fabrication of RNV encapsulating siRNA, the apment efficiency negatively charged SiRNA will interact with the DOTAP of calcein (or thus limiting the diffusion of DOTAP and resulting in the pment efficiency negative surface charge of RNV (Supporting Information). tometer and the The entrapment efficiencies of three hydrophilic reagents into s S2 and S3). To the RNV are almost 90% (Table 1), approximately 1.5 times RNV SiRNA, of free Table 1: Size (d), zeta potential (), polydispersity index (PDI) and entrapment RNV isefficiency (EE) of RNVs loaded with different reagents e (mvjPD EE [%] cation RNV/Treagent Z-AVE, (RNV. ount of RNVIrhodamine 0.614.10 14.11.76 0.221 0.027 89.681.47 A] (the RNV[calcein] of free RNV[Dox/siMDR1] 136.4+3.814-14.2 t3.25 0.22210.017 91.23 +4.51 SiRNA RNV- nformation. dn 149.8+2.815 11.2+0.35 0.132+0.018 90.66+0.27 [al Z-AVE mean particle size. [b] Details can be found in the Supporting

Explanation / Answer

Zeta potential is a measure of surface charge of particles. This term is of prime importance in the field of nanotechnology. If surface charge is more (either positive or negative), then particles will not combine due to charge repulsion. Hence there is no aggregation of particles over period of time. If particles have no surface charge (neutral) then they tend to combine, agglumerate and become energetically more favorable state by reducing the overall charge of the particles.

Zeta potential is usually measured in deionized water to omit the role of charged ions present in water over surface charge of particles. Otherwise, charged ions present in water get attracted to surface of the particles (of our interest) due to opposite charge. These charged ions again attract opposite charge towards them and hence form double layer of charges usually known as "stern layer".

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