Adaptations: 8. Properties of water and how it is important to life? How density

Question

Adaptations: 8. Properties of water and how it is important to life? How density and oxygen concentration changes with temperature and salinity. How fish adapt to polar water, salt or freshwater (osmoregulation), how carbon dioxide is connected to water acidity (global warming, algae blooms in our duckweed jars). 9. What is countercurrent exchange? Examples 10. How does soil structure (% sand, gravel, clay) impact how much water is available for plants. 11. C3 vs. C4. vs CAM plants (how do these adaptation help conserve water) 12. Plant structural adaptations to reduce water loss (spines eto) 13. Ectotherm vs. endotherm. How do they regulate temperatures? 14. Spatial vs temporal variation in an ecosystem? (how impacts adaptations/acclimation) 15. What is phenotypic plasticity? Examples? Why are their tradeoffs associated with various forms? 16. How does migration, Storage (internal or external), and dormancy (hibernation) help animals deal with limited resources (winter drought)? ind its relation to optimal foraging, risk-sensitive foraging, and optimal ch hecause it is scared.

Explanation / Answer

Answer 8 - Properties of water

1. Water has attraction to polar molecules.

2. Water has high heat of evaporation.

3. Water has high polarity

4. Water has high specific heat and also has high heat of vapourization.

Our body uses water in all its cells, organs and tissues to help regulate its temperature and maintain other body functions, because our body loses water through breathing, sweating and digestion . It is important to rehydrate by drinking fluids and eating foods that contain water.

Answer 9- Concurrent exchange is a biological mechanism designed to enable maximum exchange between the two fluids. The effect of this mechanism is dependent on the two fluids flowing in opposite direction and also having a concentration gradient between them .

For example, Fish uses this mechanism in its gills to transfer oxygen from the surrounding water into their blood and bird uses a concurrent heat exchanger between blood vessels in their legs to keep heat concentrated within their bodies.

Answer 12- Cactus have spines instead of leaves . These minimise the surface area and so reduce water loss by transpiration . These spines also protect the cactus from animals from eating them

Leaf surface area results in reduced water loss through the epidermis . Small leaves have fewer stomata than larger leaves and this adaptation reduces water loss.

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