12. In the late 1960s, Robert Paine conducted landmark studies on diversity in t

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12. In the late 1960s, Robert Paine conducted landmark studies on diversity in the rocky intertidal Zone comparing the species diversity in control plots with diversity in experimental plots from which he removed the top predator, sea stars. After 5 years 15 species of intertidal invertebrates lived in the control plots, while the experimental plots were dominated by only two species, one mussel and one barnacle. Why did species diversity most likely remain high in the presence of a predator? A) The sea star kept the mussel and barnacle populations low enough to prevent competitive exclusion from occurring. B) The sea star kept the mussels and barnacles from developing a mutualistic relationship. That, in turn, kept their populations low. enough to prevent competitive exclusion from occurring. D) The sea stars developed a mutualistic relationship with the mussels and barnacles, keeping their populations low and preventing competitive exclusion from happening. 13. A gardener treats his plants with pesticides, killing any aphids. Once the aphids die, what likely happens to the mutualistic bacteria inhabiting their digestive tracts? A) The bacteria would contribute to the decomposition of dead aphids. B) The bacteria would migrate outside of the digestive tract, and survive on the leaves of garden plants. The bacteria would likely die without their mutualistic aphids, as this is an example of a facultative relationship. D) The bacteria would likely die without their mutualistic aphids, as this is an example of an obligate relationship. due to 14. Climate along the equator is_d A) Hot and dry; absorption of more sunlight per unit area. B) Hot and wet; absorption of more sunlight per unit area. C) Cold and dry; absorption of less sunlight per unit area. D) Cold and wet; absorption of less sunlight per unit area. 15. Autotrophs remove from the air and fix this into tissues providing for secondary consumers A) nitrogen; energy B) carbon dioxide; energy C) nitrogen; amino acids D) carbon dioxide; inorganic molecules

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Ans 12) c) The mussels and the barnacles parasitized the sea stars, keeping populations low enough to prevent competitive exclusion from occurring.

The competitive exclusion was a factor that might have led to eradication of the species. However the presence of only mussels and barnacles shows that the population of sea stars is kept low and hence it prevented the competitive exclusion.

Ans 13) c) The bacteria would likely die without their mutualistic aphids, as this is an example of a facultative relationship.

Ans 14) a) Hot and dry; absorption of more sunlight per unit area

The equator tends to absorb more sunlight due to which the atmosphere around it is extremely hot and humid. It is the imaginary line that divides the northern and southern hemispheres.

Ans 15) b) carbon dioxide, energy

The carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere is consumed by the plants which are utilized in production of food. The plants are consumed by the secondary consumer for energy

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12. In the late 1960s, Robert Paine conducted landmark studies on diversity in t

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12. In the late 1960s, Robert Paine conducted landmark studies on diversity in t

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