12. How gene-specific transcription factor is different from general transcripti
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12. How gene-specific transcription factor is different from general transcription factor? Discuss the difference in the context of their biding site in the DNA and the extent (level) of gene expression. (Sp) 13. An HDAC is a deacetylation enzyme, therefore, when acting in epigenetic fashion by tagging lysines on histones, it causes silencing the gene expression of genes in areas of chromosome associated with those histones. So, the effect of an inhibitor of HDAC, or of depletion of HDACs, is, in general to expression of genes. (2pt) A) silence B) enhance 14. You are studying regulation of the AFP gene in humans. You discover that the AFP gene is only expressed in fetal liver, not in adult liver. You decide to measure the levels of Foxal mRNA in fetal and adult liver in humans (You know from your readings that Foxal activates AFP gene expression). Assume that AFP gene is expressed only by Foxal. (5pt) (1) What technique could you use to do this (Gust state the technique, no details needed) (2) You find that Foxal is expressed highly in both fetal and adult liver. Propose a possible mechanism for how the AFP gene may be regulated during the development of liver and justify it. Your mechanism should include why AFP is expressed during fetal liver development, but is not expressed in adult liver 15. You are performing an experiment to study the differential expression of PECAM-1 mRNA in different tissues using northern blot analysis. You have obtained following gel images. Based on the results, is it sufficient to conclude that ECAM-1 PCAM-1 expression is higher in kidney than in brain or heart | t RNA) tissue? (3pt) If yes, briefly explain why it is sufficient to support the conclusion.Explanation / Answer
12.
The general transcription factors are also known as basal transcription factors. These will enhance the rate of transcription for all genes. All proteins are not needed in the same level at all the times. So, all of the genes cannot be transcribed at an equal rate. If general transcription factors are involved then all the genes will be transcribed at a equal rate.
So as per specific need specific proteins have to be transcribed. So differential gene expression is needed. Differential gene expression is possible by gene-specific trainscription factors.
Gene-specific transcription factors may be activators or repressor for the concerned gene-expression.
13.
HDAC silences the expression of its concerned genes. So, HDAC is a gene transcription factor and as it silences the expression of its concerned genes, it is called silencer.
So the effect of inhibitor of HDAC will give an opposite effect to that of HDAC.
Hence, the inhibitor of HDAC will enhance the expression of the concerned genes of HDAC.
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